http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php?title=Special:Contributions&feed=atom&target=Paulster13WikiPOBia - User contributions [en]2024-03-19T04:13:02ZFrom WikiPOBiaMediaWiki 1.15.1http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/US_frigate_ChesapeakeUS frigate Chesapeake2012-02-28T15:48:40Z<p>Paulster13: </p>
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<div>[[Image:Chesapeake1.jpg|thumb|right|US frigate Chesapeake]]The '''US frigate ''Chesapeake''''' was a 36-gun [[frigate]] of the [[United States Navy]] during the [[Quasi-War]] with [[France]] and the [[War of 1812]]. Along with ''United States'', ''[[USN Constitution|Constitution]]'', ''President'', ''Constellation'', and ''Congress'', ''Chesapeake'' was one of the six original United States frigates authorized by the Armament Act of 1794, and was launched in December 1799. <br />
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''Chesapeake'' was the smallest of the original six frigates; thirteen percent smaller than her 44-gun sisters (''United States'', ''Constitution'', and ''President'') and seven percent smaller than her 38-gun sisters (''Constellation'' and ''Congress''). Although nominally designed by Joshua Humphreys, who also desgined her five sisters, ''Chesapeake'' was the only ship of the original six frigates that was not constructed under Humphreys' supervision. The ship's construction at Norfolk was instead supervised by Humphreys' former friend and protege, Josiah Fox, who may have made as-built alterations to Humphreys' design. Humphreys is said to have been made aware of the changes, and to have explicitly disowned the ''Chesapeake'' as being one of his designs. <br />
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''Chesapeake'' acquired a reputation among contemporary sailors as an "unlucky" or "unhappy" ship, mostly because of the 1807 incident in which she was forced to strike colors to the British fourth-rate ''[[HMS Leopard (ship)|HMS Leopard]]'' after ''Leopard'' had fired into her while enforcing a search for British deserters. Her poor reputation may also have been partially a product of her officers' dislike of her sailing qualities, which had been described by one of her commanding officers, Stephen Decatur, as "dull." <br />
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==Ship's Name==<br />
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''Chesapeake'' was the only frigate of the original six that was not named for some feature or symbol of the new American government. Both the historical ''Chesapeake'' and the ''Chesapeake'' depicted by O'Brian pre-date the U.S. Navy's exclusive use of the prefix "USS" (meaning "United States Ship") when referring to commissioned vessels in the U.S. Navy. The use of the prefix "USS" by the U.S. Navy appears as early as the 1790's, and came into more and more frequent use in the 19th century. The "USS" prefix, however, was not an official Naval practice until 1907. Before that time, the U.S. Navy and other officials referred to Naval vessels with a variety of prefixes, including, for example, "U.S. Frigate ''(ship name)''," or "United States Flagship ''(ship name)''."<ref>For more reading on U.S. Naval ship names, including discussion of the "USS" prefix, see the discussion at the U.S. Naval Historical Center, at the following link: [http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq63-1.htm]</ref>.<br />
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O'Brian's works, when referring to American naval vessels, employ both the prefix "USN" (presumably meaning "United States Navy") and the "USS" prefix that is in use today. More often, O'Brian uses no prefix at all when referring to either American or other naval vessels that were foreign to the Royal Navy. <br />
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==The Quasi-War with France==<br />
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''Chesapeake'' sailed in 1800 to join the squadron patrolling off the southern coast of the [[United States]] and in the [[West Indies]] during the [[Quasi-War]] with [[France]]. During this cruise, she took a French [[privateer]] as a prize. One of the few ships retained in the Navy at the close of the war, ''Chesapeake'' was sent to the [[Mediterranean Sea]] in 1802 as [[flagship]] for Commodore Richard V. Morris. Here she led in the blockade of Tripoli and convoyed American merchantmen until 1803, when she returned to America. <br />
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==''Chesapeake - Leopard'' Affair==<br />
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As tension mounted over the practice of impressment of American seamen by the British, ''Chesapeake'' was prepared for patrol and convoy duty, and late in June 1807 put to sea, passing a British squadron operating to intercept French ships then at Annapolis. British officers had first-hand knowledge that the ''Chesapeake's'' crew included at least some deserters from British men-of-war. The British, as a result, were under orders from their commander-in-chief on the North American Station that if ''Chesapeake'' was encountered at sea, she was to be stopped and searched for the known deserting British sailors. <br />
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One of the British squadron anchored in Lynnhaven Bay, ''[[HMS Leopard (ship)|HMS Leopard]]'', followed ''Chesapeake'' as she exited Hampton Roads. On 22 June, ''Leopard'' stopped ''Chesapeake'' off the Virgina capes, and ordered ''Chesapeake's'' crew mustered on deck to allow a search for the British deserters. The senior officer aboard ''Chesapeake,'' Commodore James Barron, refused. ''Leopard'' fired on the ''Chesapeake'', killing three men, wounding 18 (including the captain) and seriously damaging the ship before Barron ordered the colors struck. A lieutenant from the ''Leopard'' boarded ''Chesapeake'' with a company of sailors, ordered ''Chesapeake's'' crew mustered, and carried off four men identified as British deserters. ''Chesapeake'' returned to Norfolk, Virginia for repairs. <br />
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Both Commodore Barron and his flag captain were severely criticized for the incident, and were blamed for ''Chesapeake's'' inability to make any substantive response to the humiliating attack. ''Chesapeake'' had not been cleared for action in time for her guns to be prepared to return hostile fire. The ship's weaponry was obstructed by the presence of extra cargo, passengers, and convalescing ill crewmembers whose hammocks were slung between the guns of the ship's 18-pound main battery. Barron was court-martialed and excluded from naval service for a period of five years following his trial. <br />
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Following repairs, Captain [[Stephen Decatur]] took command of the ''Chesapeake'', and cruised off the New England coast. In effort to rehabilitate the frigate's crew following the ''Leopard'' incident, and to shame them into fastidious observation of their duties, Decatur initially would not allow ''Chesapeake'' to either fire or return salutes. He reasoned that a "ship without honor" was incapable of performing honors.<br />
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The anger and public outcry generated in the United States following the ''Chesapeake-Leopard'' affair is often cited as one of the aggravating factors that led to the War of 1812.<br />
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==War of 1812==<br />
With the outbreak of the [[War of 1812]], ''Chesapeake'' was outfitted at [[Boston]] for a lengthy Atlantic cruise. Between December 1812 and April 1813, she cruised from the [[West Indies]] to [[Africa]], taking five British [[merchantman|merchantmen]] as prizes.<br />
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[[Image:Perry_Flag.gif|thumb|right|Commodore Perry's Flag, bearing the words of Capt. James Lawrence of USN Chesapeake]]At Boston, Captain [[James Lawrence]] took command of ''Chesapeake'' on 20 May 1813. At the time of his appointment to command of ''Chesapeake,'' Lawrence was the most junior captain on the U.S. Navy list. Lawrence put to sea on 1 June 1813 to meet the waiting [[HMS Shannon|''Shannon'']] (38) -- a British frigate of roughly equal strength -- commanded by [[Philip Broke]], whose written challenge to Captain Lawrence had just missed ''Chesapeake's'' sailing. <br />
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A substantial percentage of Lawrence's crew was new to the ship and undrilled. Lawrence himself had little experience with the ship. He nonetheless chose to engage ''Shannon'', a ship with a much more experienced and well-drilled crew than the ''Chesapeake''. The ''Chesapeake'' suffered early in the exchange of broadsides, having its wheel shot away and losing maneuverability. A large percentage of the officers and crew stationed on the spar deck, including Lawrence himself, were either killed or wounded in the initial exchange of broadsides and small arms fire. Lawrence was carried below, mortally wounded. The crew struggled to carry out Lawrence's last order, "'''Don't give up the ship! Fight her until she sinks!'''", but were boarded by the ''Shannon's'' crew and overwhelmed. ''Chesapeake'' was taken to [[Halifax]] for repairs, and was later taken into the [[Royal Navy]]. She was sold at [[Plymouth]] in 1820 and broken up. Some of her timbers were used to build Chesapeake Mill, a water mill in Wickham, Hampshire.<br />
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{{spoiler|The Fortune of War and The Surgeon's Mate}}<br />
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==In the Canon==<br />
In ''[[The Fortune of War]]'', while a prisoner-of-war recovering from wounds received in the action between ''[[USN Constitution|Constitution]]'' and ''HMS Java'', Jack Aubrey observes ''Chesapeake's'' arrival in Boston a few weeks prior to the action with the ''Shannon''. During Aubrey's escape from Boston harbor with Maturin and Diana Villiers, it appears that they are pursued by a boat from the ''Chesapeake'', but the pursuing boat turns out to be on a training exercise. The final chapter describes the battle between ''Shannon'' and ''Chesapeake''. In ''[[The Surgeon's Mate (novel)|The Surgeon's Mate]]'', the arrival of ''Shannon'' and her prize, the ''Chesapeake'' in Halifax is described. O'Brian also alludes to the British Navy's burial of Captain [[James Lawrence]] in Halifax with full military honors.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
• Toll, Ian W., (2006) ''Six Frigates: The Epic History of the Founding of the U.S. Navy'', New York, W.W. Norton. <br />
<references/><br />
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[[Category:Historical ships|Chesapeake, USN]]</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/Louisa_WoganLouisa Wogan2012-02-08T02:17:39Z<p>Paulster13: </p>
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<div>'''Louisa Wogan''' is a fictional character who appears in the Patrick O'Brian novels [[Desolation Island]] and [[The Fortune of War]]. <br />
<br />
{{Spoiler|Desolation Island and The Fortune of War}}<br />
<br />
Wogan is an American intelligence agent who makes her first appearance in [[Desolation Island]]. She is a native of Maryland, but could pass for English, having spent a great deal of time in Europe. She is described as slender, black haired, and between twenty-five and thirty years old, but still "retaining her bloom." Several other characters remark upon her physical resemblance to [[Diana Villiers]], with whom she is friends. <br />
<br />
Wogan's intelligence activities apparently consisted of fraternizing with, and using her physical charms to become intimate with highly-placed individuals, from whom she would plumb useful information. She is caught in London passing English secrets to her American antecedents, and is convicted of espionage and sentenced to death. English authorities come to believe that Wogan used [[Diana Villiers]] as a conduit for passing at least some of her information to the Americans, and they suspect [[Villiers]] with complicity in Wogan spying activities. These suspicions appear to have some basis in view of [[Villiers]]' American citizenship and her co-habitation with a wealthy American, [[Harry Johnson]]. [[Johnson]], it is later learned in [[The Fortune of War]], actually is involved in the direction of American intelligence activities, and is one of Wogan's intelligence chiefs. <br />
<br />
Wogan's death sentence is commuted to transportation to Botany Bay after the intercession of the Duke of Clarence -- one of a multiplicity of Wogan's high-placed "bed fellows." She is to be transported to Botany Bay aboard ''HMS [[Leopard]]'' under the command of [[Jack Aubrey]], with [[Stephen Maturin]] acting as ship's surgeon. After ''[[Leopard]]'''s departure, it is discovered that one of Wogan's lovers, [[Michael Herapath]], has stowed away aboard the ship to be with her. Herapath, who is ignorant of Wogan's character as an intelligence agent, later becomes Maturin's assistant surgeon. Exploiting Herapath's blind devotion to Wogan, Maturin manipulates the unwitting Herapath into delivering a large volume of intentionally erroneous intelligence to Wogan. Wogan, as Maturin confidently expected, later delivers the poisoned intelligence to her chief. Wogan, in [[The Fortune of War]], learns of the bogus nature of this intelligence and initially suspects [[Jack Aubrey]] and then [[Stephen Maturin]] as its source.<br />
<br />
Wogan's apparent intimate relationship with [[Harry Johnson]] in [[The Fortune of War]] acts as one of the final catalysts to [[Diana Villiers]]'s seeking Maturin's help in escaping the United States and leaving Johnson.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Aubrey-Maturin series characters|Wogan, Louisa]]</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/HMS_PolychrestHMS Polychrest2012-02-06T04:45:04Z<p>Paulster13: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''HM Sloop ''Polychrest''''' is a fictional Royal Navy sloop-of-war commanded by Master and Commander Jack Aubrey in the Patrick O'Brian novel, [[Post Captain]]. The ''Polychrest's'' name -- a word meaning a medicine that may be used for several purposes -- refers to the multiple uses that her designers originally intended for her. ''Polychrest'', like a traditional man-of-war, mounted a single tier of twenty-four pound carronades. In addition -- and unlike a traditional warship of her era -- she was also designed to carry a rocket launcher intended to destroy an enemy ship-of-the-line at a range of one mile. In order to accomodate this unusual weapon, ''Polychrest'' employed retractable sliding daggerboard keels and a pointed stern, allowing the vessel to absorb the recoil of the rocket without damaging the ship. <br />
<br />
{{Spoiler|Post Captain}}<br />
<br />
In [[Post Captain]], the reader learns that the ''Polychrest's'' unusal rocket weapon was a failure; the one (and only) test of the weapon resulted in an explosion that killed the weapon's designer. Rather than scrap the vessel, the Admiralty chose to commission her as a traditionally armed sloop-of-war during the period of rapid re-armament that immediately followed the [[Peace of Amiens]]. It is rumored that the command of the ''Polychrest'' was refused by multiple officers before it was ultimately offered to Commander [[Aubrey]]. [[Jack Aubrey]] is aware of this, but heavily in debt and desperate for a naval command, he accepts the First Lord's offer of the ''Polychrest''. <br />
<br />
''Polychrest'' in active service is slow, unweatherly, and makes an inordinate amount of leeway. Her unusual appearance -- pointed on both ends -- earns her the derisive nickname, "the Carpenter's Mistake," and also makes her remarkably un-stealthy because she is so recognizable from a distance. [[Aubrey]] also soon discovers that her builders had unscrupulously scrimped on the use of copper bolts that were supposed to bind her hull timbers together, making her somewhat unseaworthy and even dangerous. [[Aubrey]] comments that she "makes eighteen inches of water an hour in flat calm." ''Polychrest'' has the dubious distinction of being the only one of his ships in the entire [[Aubrey-Maturin series]] that Jack "could not love." Aubrey refers to her later in the series (in the novel [[Desolation Island]]) as "that wicked ''Polychrest''." <br />
<br />
[[Jack Aubrey]] has command of the ''Polychrest'' during that period of the series when both he and [[Stephen Maturin]] are both pursuing [[Diana Villiers]], the lowest point of his relationship with [[Maturin]]. It is when this conflict had reached its climax -- the eve of a duel between the two men -- when the ''Polychrest'' is ordered to conduct a close reconnaisance in the shallow and complicated French port of Chaulieu. These orders also coincide with a plan by the ''Polychrest's'' crew -- suffering under the unchecked tyranny of [[Aubrey]]'s First Lieutenant -- to mutiny and carry the ship to France. [[Maturin]] warns [[Aubrey]] of the impending mutiny, and [[Aubrey]]'s quick and capable response to the crisis allows the ''Polychrest'' and her crew to conduct an spectacularly successful raid on Chaulieu the same evening. They capture the valuable French corvette ''Fanciulla'', and either destroy or capture several French gunboats. The ''Polychrest'', after spending several hours grounded and battered by French shore batteries, and finally succumbing to the inherent deficiencies of her construction, sinks under the wounded [[Jack Aubrey]]'s feet as the crew withdraws from Chaulieu with their prizes. <br />
<br />
[[Aubrey]] and his officers are acquitted of the loss of ''Polychrest'', and the action at Chaulieu earns [[Aubrey]] promotion to the rank of Post Captain. The Chaulieu action in the ''Polychrest'' also has the unspoken effect of wiping clean the dispute (and unconsumated duel) between [[Aubrey]] and [[Maturin]], and marks a renewal of their close friendship. <br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Ships|Polychrest, HMS]]</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/Louisa_WoganLouisa Wogan2012-02-02T18:47:58Z<p>Paulster13: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Louisa Wogan''' is a fictional character who appears in the Patrick O'Brian novels [[Desolation Island]] and [[The Fortune of War]]. <br />
<br />
{{Spoiler|Desolation Island and The Fortune of War}}<br />
<br />
Wogan is an American intelligence agent who makes her first appearance in [[Desolation Island]]. She is a native of Maryland, but could pass for English, having spent a great deal of time in England. She is described as slender, black haired, and between twenty-five and thirty years old, but still "retaining her bloom." Several other characters remark upon her physical resemblance to [[Diana Villiers]], with whom she is friends. <br />
<br />
Wogan's intelligence activities apparently consisted of fraternizing with, and using her physical charms to become intimate with highly-placed individuals, from whom she would plumb useful information. She is caught in London passing English secrets to her American antecedents, and is convicted of espionage and sentenced to death. English authorities come to believe that Wogan used [[Diana Villiers]] as a conduit for passing at least some of her information to the Americans, and they suspect [[Villiers]] with complicity in Wogan spying activities. These suspicions appear to have some basis in view of [[Villiers]]' American citizenship and her co-habitation with a wealthy American, [[Harry Johnson]]. [[Johnson]], it is later learned in [[The Fortune of War]], actually is involved in the direction of American intelligence activities, and is one of Wogan's intelligence chiefs. <br />
<br />
Wogan's death sentence is commuted to transportation to Botany Bay after the intercession of the Duke of Clarence -- one of a multiplicity of Wogan's high-placed "bed fellows." She is to be transported to Botany Bay aboard ''HMS [[Leopard]]'' under the command of [[Jack Aubrey]], with [[Stephen Maturin]] acting as ship's surgeon. After ''[[Leopard]]'''s departure, it is discovered that one of Wogan's lovers, [[Michael Herapath]], has stowed away aboard the ship to be with her. Herapath, who is ignorant of Wogan's character as an intelligence agent, later becomes Maturin's assistant surgeon. Exploiting Herapath's blind devotion to Wogan, Maturin manipulates the unwitting Herapath into delivering a large volume of intentionally erroneous intelligence to Wogan. Wogan, as Maturin confidently expected, later delivers the poisoned intelligence to her chief. Wogan, in [[The Fortune of War]], learns of the bogus nature of this intelligence and initially suspects [[Jack Aubrey]] and then [[Stephen Maturin]] as its source.<br />
<br />
Wogan's apparent intimate relationship with [[Harry Johnson]] in [[The Fortune of War]] acts as one of the final catalysts to [[Diana Villiers]]'s seeking Maturin's help in escaping the United States and leaving Johnson.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Aubrey-Maturin series characters|Wogan, Louisa]]</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/Louisa_WoganLouisa Wogan2012-02-02T18:44:48Z<p>Paulster13: Created page with ''''Louisa Wogan''' is a fictional character who appears in the Patrick O'Brian novels Desolation Island and The Fortune of War. {{Spoiler|Desolation Island and The For…'</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Louisa Wogan''' is a fictional character who appears in the Patrick O'Brian novels [[Desolation Island]] and [[The Fortune of War]]. <br />
<br />
{{Spoiler|Desolation Island and The Fortune of War}}<br />
<br />
Wogan is an American intelligence agent who makes her first appearance in [[Desolation Island]]. She is a native of Maryland, but could pass for English, having spent a great deal of time in England. She is described as slender, black haired, and between twenty-five and thirty years old, but still "retaining her bloom." Several other characters remark upon her physical resemblance to [[Diana Villiers]], with whom she is friends. <br />
<br />
Wogan's intelligence activities apparently consisted of fraternizing with, and using her physical charms to become intimate with highly-placed individuals, from whom she would plumb useful information. She is caught in London passing English secrets to her American antecedents, and is convicted of espionage and sentenced to death. English authorities come to believe that Wogan used [[Diana Villiers]] as a conduit for passing at least some of her information to the Americans, and they suspect [[Villiers]] with complicity in Wogan spying activities. These suspicions appear to have some basis in view of [[Villiers]]' American citizenship and her co-habitation with a wealthy American, [[Harry Johnson]]. [[Johnson]], it is later learned in [[The Fortune of War]], actually is involved in the direction of American intelligence activities, and is one of Wogan's intelligence chiefs. <br />
<br />
Wogan's death sentence is commuted to transportation to Botany Bay after the intercession of the Duke of Clarence -- one of a multiplicity of Wogan's high-placed "bed fellows." She is to be transported to Botany Bay aboard [[''HMS Leopard'']] under the command of [[Jack Aubrey]], with [[Stephen Maturin]] acting as ship's surgeon. After [[''Leopard'']]'s departure, it is discovered that one of Wogan's lovers, [[Michael Herapath]], has stowed away aboard the ship to be with her. Herapath, who is ignorant of Wogan's character as an intelligence agent, later becomes Maturin's assistant surgeon. Exploiting Herapath's blind devotion to Wogan, Maturin manipulates the unwitting Herapath into delivering a large volume of intentionally erroneous intelligence to Wogan. Wogan, as Maturin confidently expected, later delivers the poisoned intelligence to her chief. Wogan, in [[The Fortune of War]], learns of the bogus nature of this intelligence and initially suspects [[Jack Aubrey]] and then [[Stephen Maturin]] as its source.<br />
<br />
Wogan's apparent intimate relationship with [[Harry Johnson]] in [[The Fortune of War]] acts as one of the final catalysts to [[Diana Villiers]]'s seeking Maturin's help in escaping the United States and leaving Johnson.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Aubrey-Maturin series characters|Wogan, Louisa]]</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/HMS_PolychrestHMS Polychrest2012-01-29T06:10:21Z<p>Paulster13: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''HM Sloop ''Polychrest''''' is a fictional Royal Navy sloop-of-war commanded by Master and Commander Jack Aubrey in the Patrick O'Brian novel, [[Post Captain]]. The ''Polychrest's'' name -- a word meaning a medicine that may be used for several purposes -- refers to the multiple uses that her designers originally intended for her. ''Polychrest'', like a traditional man-of-war, mounted a single tier of twenty-four pounder carronades. In addition -- and unlike a traditional warship of her era -- she was also designed to carry a rocket launcher intended to destroy an enemy ship-of-the-line at a range of one mile. In order to accomodate this unusual weapon, ''Polychrest'' employed retractable sliding daggerboard keels and a pointed stern, allowing the vessel to absorb the recoil of the rocket without damaging the ship. <br />
<br />
{{Spoiler|Post Captain}}<br />
<br />
In [[Post Captain]], the reader learns that the ''Polychrest's'' unusal rocket weapon was a failure; the one (and only) test of the weapon resulted in an explosion that killed the weapon's designer. Rather than scrap the vessel, the Admiralty chose to commission her as a traditionally armed sloop-of-war during the period of rapid re-armament that immediately followed the [[Peace of Amiens]]. It is rumored that the command of the ''Polychrest'' was refused by multiple officers before it was ultimately offered to Commander [[Aubrey]]. [[Jack Aubrey]] is aware of this, but heavily in debt and desperate for a naval command, he accepts the First Lord's offer of the ''Polychrest''. <br />
<br />
''Polychrest'' in active service is slow, unweatherly, and makes an inordinate amount of leeway. Her unusual appearance -- pointed on both ends -- earns her the derisive nickname, "the Carpenter's Mistake," and also makes her remarkably un-stealthy because she is so recognizable from a distance. [[Aubrey]] also soon discovers that her builders had unscrupulously scrimped on the use of copper bolts that were supposed to bind her hull timbers together, making her somewhat unseaworthy and even dangerous. [[Aubrey]] comments that she "makes eighteen inches of water in flat calm." ''Polychrest'' has the dubious distinction of being the only one of his ships in the entire [[Aubrey-Maturin series]] that Jack "could not love." Aubrey refers to her later in the series (in the novel [[Desolation Island]]) as "that wicked ''Polychrest''." <br />
<br />
[[Jack Aubrey]] has command of the ''Polychrest'' during that period of the series when both he and [[Stephen Maturin]] are both pursuing [[Diana Villiers]], the lowest point of his relationship with [[Maturin]]. It is when this conflict had reached its climax -- the eve of a duel between the two men -- when the ''Polychrest'' is ordered to conduct a close reconnaisance in the shallow and complicated French port of Chaulieu. These orders also coincide with a plan by the ''Polychrest's'' crew -- suffering under the unchecked tyranny of [[Aubrey]]'s First Lieutenant -- to mutiny and carry the ship to France. [[Maturin]] warns [[Aubrey]] of the impending mutiny, and [[Aubrey]]'s quick and capable response to the crisis allows the ''Polychrest'' and her crew to conduct an spectacularly successful raid on Chaulieu the same evening. They capture the valuable French corvette ''Fanciulla'', and either destroy or capture several French gunboats. The ''Polychrest'', after spending several hours grounded and battered by French shore batteries, and finally succumbing to the inherent deficiencies of her construction, sinks under the wounded [[Jack Aubrey]]'s feet as the crew withdraws from Chaulieu with their prizes. <br />
<br />
[[Aubrey]] and his officers are acquitted of the loss of ''Polychrest'', and the action at Chaulieu earns [[Aubrey]] promotion to the rank of Post Captain. The Chaulieu action in the ''Polychrest'' also has the unspoken effect of wiping clean the dispute (and unconsumated duel) between [[Aubrey]] and [[Maturin]], and marks a renewal of their close friendship. <br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Ships|Polychrest, HMS]]</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/HMS_PolychrestHMS Polychrest2012-01-27T15:58:34Z<p>Paulster13: New page</p>
<hr />
<div>'''HM Sloop ''Polychrest''''' is a fictional Royal Navy sloop-of-war commanded by Master and Commander Jack Aubrey in the Patrick O'Brian novel, [[Post Captain]]. The ''Polychrest's'' name -- a word meaning a medicine that may be used for several purposes -- refers to the multiple uses that her designers originally intended for her. ''Polychrest'', like a traditional man-of-war, mounted a single tier of twenty-four pounder carronades. In addition -- and unlike a traditional warship of her era -- she was also designed to carry a rocket launcher intended to destroy an enemy ship-of-the-line at a range of one mile. In order to accomodate this unusual weapon, ''Polychrest'' employed retractable sliding daggerboard keels and a pointed stern, allowing the vessel to absorb the recoil of the rocket without damaging the ship. <br />
<br />
{{Spoiler|Post Captain}}<br />
<br />
In [[Post Captain]], the reader learns that the ''Polychrest's'' unusal rocket weapon was a failure; the one (and only) test of the weapon resulted in an explosion that killed the weapon's designer. Rather than scrap the vessel, the Admiralty chose to commission her as a traditionally armed sloop-of-war during the period of rapid re-armament that immediately followed the [[Peace of Amiens]]. It is rumored that the command of the ''Polychrest'' was refused by multiple officers before it was ultimately offered to Commander [[Aubrey]]. [[Jack Aubrey]] is aware of this, but heavily in debt and desperate for a naval command, he accepts the First Lord's offer of the ''Polychrest''. <br />
<br />
''Polychrest'' in active service is slow, unweatherly, and makes an inordinate amount of leeway. Her unusual appearance -- pointed on both ends -- earns her the derisive nickname, "the Carpenter's Mistake," and also makes her remarkably un-stealthy because she is so recognizable from a distance. [[Aubrey]] also soon discovers that her builders had unscrupulously scrimped on the use of copper bolts that were supposed to bind her hull timbers together, making her somewhat unseaworthy and even dangerous. [[Aubrey]] comments that she "makes eighteen inches of water in flat calm." ''Polychrest'' has the dubious distinction of being the only one of his ships in the entire [[Aubrey-Maturin series]] that Jack "could not love." Aubrey refers to her later in the series (in the novel [[Desolation Island]]) as "that wicked ''Polychrest''." <br />
<br />
[[Jack Aubrey]] has command of the ''Polychrest'' during that period of the series when both he and [[Stephen Maturin]] are both pursuing [[Diana Villiers]], the lowest point of his relationship with [[Maturin]]. It is when this conflict had reached its climax -- the eve of a duel between the two men -- when the ''Polychrest'' is ordered to conduct a close reconnaisance in the shallow and complicated French port of Chaulieu. These orders also coincide with a plan by the ''Polychrest's'' crew -- suffering under the unchecked tyranny of [[Aubrey]]'s First Lieutenant -- to mutiny and carry the ship to France. [[Maturin]] warns [[Aubrey]] of the impending mutiny, and [[Aubrey]]'s quick and capable response to the crisis allows the ''Polychrest'' and her crew to conduct an spectacularly successful raid on Chaulieu the same evening. They capture the valuable French corvette [[''Fanciulla'']], and either destroy or capture several French gunboats. The ''Polychrest'', after spending several hours grounded and battered by French shore batteries, and finally succumbing to the inherent deficiencies of her construction, sinks under the wounded [[Jack Aubrey]]'s feet as the crew withdraws from Chaulieu with their prizes. <br />
<br />
[[Aubrey]] and his officers are acquitted of the loss of ''Polychrest'', and the action at Chaulieu earns [[Aubrey]] promotion to the rank of Post Captain. The Chaulieu action in the ''Polychrest'' also has the unspoken effect of wiping clean the dispute (and unconsumated duel) between [[Aubrey]] and [[Maturin]], and marks a renewal of their close friendship. <br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Ships|Polychrest, HMS]]</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/HMS_ImplacableHMS Implacable2012-01-23T15:36:51Z<p>Paulster13: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''HMS ''Implacable''''' was a 74-gun third rate [[ship of the line]], launched sometime between 1795 and 1800, and sunk in 1949. <br />
<br />
==The Historical ''Implacable''==<br />
''Implacable'' originally served in the French naval forces, launched by the French sometime between 1795 and 1800 as the ''Duguay-Trouin''. She fought with French forces at the [[Battle of Trafalgar]] in 1805, and was captured by Royal Navy forces a few days after the battle. The vessel was taken into the Royal Navy, renamed ''Implacable,'' and served in and out of commission in various capacities throughout the 19th century and early 20th century. <br />
<br />
After World War II, unwilling to fund continued maintenance and upkeep of the ship, the British government offered to return ''Implacable'' to the French government. The French government, similarly unwilling to spend money on her, declined. ''Implacable'' was towed out of Portsmouth on December 2, 1949 and scuttled by the explosion of charges placed in her hold. Her figurehead and stern galleries were saved and are on display in the National Maritime Museum at [[Greenwich]]. She was one of the last surviving examples of the 74-gun third rate, the most popular variety of "ship-of-the-line." ''Implacable'' was, at the time of her sinking, the second oldest vessel in the Royal Navy, behind ''Victory.''<br />
<br />
{{Spoiler|Blue at the Mizzen and 21: The Final Unfinished Voyage of Jack Aubrey}}<br />
<br />
==In the Canon==<br />
In the Canon, ''Implacable'' first appears as the [[flagship]] of Admiral [[Lord Barmouth]] in ''[[The Hundred Days]]''. She does not appear again in the [[Aubrey-Maturin series]], but is alluded to on the second-to-last page of ''[[Blue at the Mizzen]]'', in which Captain [[Jack Aubrey]] is ordered to <blockquote>"proceed to the River Plate, there joining the South Afican Squadron: you will go aboard HMS ''Implacable'', hoisting your flag, blue at the mizzen, and take command of the blue squadron."</blockquote> <br />
When Aubrey makes his rendezvous with the squadron at the River Plate in ''[[21: The Final Unfinished Voyage of Jack Aubrey]]'', it is ''HMS Suffolk'', and not ''Implacable,'' which serves as his flagship.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Historical ships|Implacable, HMS]]</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/Battle_of_TrafalgarBattle of Trafalgar2012-01-23T15:33:15Z<p>Paulster13: </p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Battle of Trafalgar''' was a major naval engagement fought on October 21, 1805 between a British fleet of 27 ships-of-the-line commanded by Vice Admiral [[Horatio Nelson]] and a combined French and Spanish fleet of 33 ships-of-the-line commanded by French Admiral [[Pierre-Charles Villeneuve]]. The battle took place off Cape Trafalgar, off the southwest coast of Spain, and was a significant victory for the British, who captured 17 ships of the combined fleet and sunk an 18th. Among the 449 British killed in the action was Admiral [[Nelson]], who suffered a fatal wound from a musket shot fired by a sharpshooter aboard the French ship [[Redoutable]].<br />
<br />
[[Category:Historic battles|Trafalgar, Battle of]]</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/Michael_HerapathMichael Herapath2011-12-20T17:05:48Z<p>Paulster13: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Michael Herapath]] was a fictional character appearing in the Patrick O'Brian novels ''[[Desolation Island]]'' and ''[[The Fortune of War]]''. <br />
<br />
{{Spoiler|Desolation Island and The Fortune of War}}<br />
<br />
Herapath makes his initial appearance as a stowaway aboard ''[[HMS Leopard]]'', commanded by [[Jack Aubrey]] in ''[[Desolation Island]]''. His presence aboard the ''Leopard'' is discovered some days or weeks after the ship's departure from home waters on a voyage to Austrailia via the Cape of Good Hope. An obviously educated man of American birth, Herapath is nonetheless entered into the ship's books as a lower-deck sailor, where he is assigned to mess with Aubrey's coxswain [[Barret Bonden]] and others.<br />
<br />
After an outbreak of [[gaol fever]] kills a substantial portion of the ship's crew, including surgeon's mate Paul Martin, Herapath becomes the acting surgeon's mate under the direction of [[Stephen Maturin]], the ''Leopard'''s surgeon. It is in this context that Maturin becomes more intimately acquainted with Herapath. Herapath confides in Maturin that he had stowed away so he could continue his relationship with [[Louisa Wogan]], a female convict and an American spy being transported to the penal colony in New South Wales aboard the ''Leopard''.<br />
<br />
[[Stephen Maturin]], exploiting Herapath's blind devotion to ''Wogan'', manipulates the unwitting Herapath into delivering a large volume of intentionally erroneous intelligence to Wogan, who, as Maturin confidently expected, later delivers the poisoned intelligence to her chief. Herapath either never becomes aware of this manipulation by Maturin, or does not care, since he willingly assists in Aubrey's and Maturin's subsequent escape from American captivity in ''The Fortune of War''.<br />
<br />
Herapath does not appear in the series again after ''The Fortune of War'', but O'Brian alludes to him in ''Blue at the Mizzen'', when the surgeon of the American frigate ''[[USN Delaware]]'' tells Maturin about the success of both Herapath's medical studies and his book.<br />
[[Category:Aubrey-Maturin series characters|Herapath, Michael]]</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/Battle_of_TrafalgarBattle of Trafalgar2011-12-20T17:01:59Z<p>Paulster13: </p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Battle of Trafalgar''' was a major naval engagement fought on October 21, 1805 between a British fleet of 27 ships-of-the-line under Vice Admiral [[Horatio Nelson]] and a combined French and Spanish fleet of 33 ships-of-the-line under French Admiral [[Pierre-Charles Villeneuve]]. The battle took place off Cape Trafalgar, off the southwest coast of Spain, and was a significant victory for the British, who captured 17 ships of the combined fleet and sunk an 18th. Among the 449 British killed in the action was Admiral [[Nelson]], who suffered a fatal wound from a musket shot fired by a sharpshooter aboard the French ship [[Redoutable]].<br />
<br />
[[Category:Historic battles|Trafalgar, Battle of]]</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/Michael_HerapathMichael Herapath2011-12-20T05:12:35Z<p>Paulster13: </p>
<hr />
<div>--[[User:Paulster13|Paulster13]] 05:12, 20 December 2011 (UTC)Fictional character appearing in the Patrick O'Brian novels ''[[Desolation Island]]'' and ''[[The Fortune of War]]''. <br />
<br />
{{Spoiler|Desolation Island and The Fortune of War}}<br />
<br />
Herapath makes his initial appearance as a stowaway aboard ''[[HMS Leopard]]'', commanded by [[Jack Aubrey]] in ''[[Desolation Island]]''. His presence aboard the ''Leopard'' is discovered some days or weeks after the ship's departure from home waters on a voyage to Austrailia via the Cape of Good Hope. An obviously educated man of American birth, Herapath is nonetheless entered into the ship's books as a lower-deck sailor, where he is assigned to mess with Aubrey's coxswain [[Barret Bonden]] and others.<br />
<br />
After an outbreak of [[gaol fever]] kills a substantial portion of the ship's crew, including surgeon's mate Paul Martin, Herapath becomes the acting surgeon's mate under the direction of [[Stephen Maturin]], the ''Leopard'''s surgeon. It is in this context that Maturin becomes more intimately acquainted with Herapath. Herapath confides in Maturin that he had stowed away so he could continue his relationship with [[Louisa Wogan]], a female convict and an American spy being transported to the penal colony in New South Wales aboard the ''Leopard''.<br />
<br />
[[Stephen Maturin]], exploiting Herapath's blind devotion to ''Wogan'', manipulates the unwitting Herapath into delivering a large volume of intentionally erroneous intelligence to Wogan, who, as Maturin confidently expected, later delivers the poisoned intelligence to her chief. Herapath either never becomes aware of this manipulation by Maturin, or does not care, since he willingly assists in Aubrey's and Maturin's subsequent escape from American captivity in ''The Fortune of War''.<br />
<br />
Herapath does not appear in the series again after ''The Fortune of War'', but O'Brian alludes to him in ''Blue at the Mizzen'', when the surgeon of the American frigate ''[[USN Delaware]]'' tells Maturin about the success of both Herapath's medical studies and his book.<br />
[[Category:Aubrey-Maturin series characters|Herapath, Michael]]</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/Michael_HerapathMichael Herapath2011-12-19T03:42:51Z<p>Paulster13: </p>
<hr />
<div>Fictional character appearing in the Patrick O'Brian novels ''[[Desolation Island]]'' and ''[[The Fortune of War]]''. <br />
<br />
{{Spoiler|Desolation Island and The Fortune of War}}<br />
<br />
Herapath makes his initial appearance as a stowaway aboard ''[[HMS Leopard]]'', commanded by [[Jack Aubrey]] in ''[[Desolation Island]]''. His presence aboard the ''Leopard'' is discovered some days or weeks after the ship's departure from home waters on a voyage to Austrailia via the Cape of Good Hope. An obviously educated man of American birth, Herapath is nonetheless entered into the ship's books as a lower-deck sailor, where he is assigned to mess with Aubrey's coxswain [[Barret Bonden]] and others.<br />
<br />
After an outbreak of [[gaol fever]] kills a substantial portion of the ship's crew, including surgeon's mate Paul Martin, Herapath becomes the acting surgeon's mate under the direction of [[Stephen Maturin]], the ''Leopard'''s surgeon. It is in this context that Maturin becomes more intimately acquainted with Herapath. Herapath confides in Maturin that he had stowed away so he could continue his relationship with [[Louisa Wogan]], a female convict and an American spy being transported to the penal colony in New South Wales aboard the ''Leopard''.<br />
<br />
[[Stephen Maturin]], exploiting Herapath's blind devotion to ''Wogan'', manipulates the unwitting Herapath into delivering a large volume of intentionally erroneous intelligence to Wogan, who, as Maturin confidently expected, later delivers the poisoned intelligence to her chief. Herapath either never becomes aware of this manipulation by Maturin, or does not care, since he willingly assists in Aubrey's and Maturin's subsequent escape from American captivity in ''The Fortune of War''.<br />
<br />
Herapath does not appear in the series again after ''The Fortune of War'', but O'Brian alludes to him in ''Blue at the Mizzen'', when the surgeon of the American frigate [[USN Delaware]] tells Maturin about the success of both Herapath's medical studies and his book.<br />
[[Category:Aubrey-Maturin series characters|Herapath, Michael]]</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/Battle_of_TrafalgarBattle of Trafalgar2011-12-19T03:18:54Z<p>Paulster13: </p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Battle of Trafalgar''' was a major naval engagement fought on October 21, 1805 between a British fleet of 27 ships-of-the-line under Vice Admiral [[Horatio Nelson]] and a combined French and Spanish fleet of 33 ships-of-the-line under French Admiral [[Pierre-Charles Villeneuve]]. The battle took place off Cape Trafalgar, off the southwest coast of Spain. The battle was a significant victory for the British, who captured 17 ships of the combined fleet and sunk an 18th. Among the 449 British killed in the action was Admiral [[Nelson]], who suffered a fatal wound from a musket shot fired by a sharpshooter aboard the French ship [[Redoutable]].<br />
<br />
[[Category:Historic battles|Trafalgar, Battle of]]</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/HMS_ImplacableHMS Implacable2011-12-06T07:21:39Z<p>Paulster13: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''HMS ''Implacable''''' was a 74-gun third rate [[ship of the line]], launched sometime between 1795 and 1800, and sunk in 1949. <br />
<br />
==The Historical ''Implacable''==<br />
''Implacable'' originally served in the French naval forces, launched by the French sometime between 1795 and 1800 as the ''Duguay-Trouin''. She fought with French forces at the [[Battle of Trafalgar]] in 1805, and was captured by Royal Navy forces a few days after the battle. The vessel was taken into the Royal Navy, renamed ''Implacable,'' and served in and out of commission in various capacities throughout the 19th century and early 20th century. <br />
<br />
After World War II, unwilling to fund continued maintenance and upkeep of the ship, the British government offered to return ''Implacable'' to the French government. The French government, similarly unwilling to spend money on her, declined. ''Implacable'' was towed out of Portsmouth on December 2, 1949 and scuttled by the explosion of charges placed in her hold. Her figurehead and stern galleries were saved and are on display in the National Maritime Museum at [[Greenwich]]. She was one of the last surviving examples of the 74-gun third rate, the most popular variety of "ship-of-the-line." ''Implacable'' was, at the time of her sinking, the second oldest vessel in the Royal Navy, behind ''Victory.''<br />
<br />
{{Spoiler|Blue at the Mizzen and 21: The Final Unfinished Voyage of Jack Aubrey}}<br />
<br />
==In the Canon==<br />
In the Canon, ''Implacable'' first appears as the [[flagship]] of Admiral [[Lord Barmouth]] in ''[[The Hundred Days]]''. She appears again in the [[Aubrey-Maturin series]] on the second-to-last page of ''[[Blue at the Mizzen]]'', in which Captain [[Jack Aubrey]] is ordered to <blockquote>"proceed to the River Plate, there joining the South Afican Squadron: you will go aboard HMS ''Implacable'', hoisting your flag, blue at the mizzen, and take command of the blue squadron."</blockquote> <br />
When Aubrey makes his rendezvous with the squadron at the River Plate in ''[[21: The Final Unfinished Voyage of Jack Aubrey]]'', it is ''HMS Suffolk'', and not ''Implacable,'' which serves as his flagship.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Historical ships|Implacable, HMS]]</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/Battle_of_TrafalgarBattle of Trafalgar2011-12-05T05:18:41Z<p>Paulster13: </p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Battle of Trafalgar''' was a major naval engagement fought on October 21, 1805 between a British fleet of 27 ships-of-the-line under Vice Admiral [[Horatio Nelson]] and a combined French and Spanish fleet of 33 ships-of-the-line under French Admiral [[Pierre-Charles Villeneuve]]. The battle took place off Cape Trafalgar, off the southwest coast of Spain. The battle was a significant victory for the British, who captured 17 ships of the combined fleet and sunk an 18th. Among the 449 British killed in the action was Admiral [[Nelson]], who suffered a fatal wound from a musket shot fired by a sharpshooter aboard the French ship [[Redoutable]].<br />
<br />
[[Category:Historic battles]]</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/Battle_of_TrafalgarBattle of Trafalgar2011-12-05T05:17:38Z<p>Paulster13: </p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Battle of Trafalgar''' was a major naval engagement fought on October 21, 1805 between a British fleet of 27 ships-of-the-line under Vice Admiral [[Horatio Nelson]] and a combined French and Spanish fleet of 33 ships-of-the-line under French Admiral [[Pierre-Charles Villeneuve]]. The battle took place off Cape Trafalgar, off the southwest coast of Spain. The battle was a significant victory for the British, who captured 17 ships of the combined fleet and sunk an 18th. Among the 449 British killed in the action was Admiral [[Nelson]], who suffered a fatal wound from a musket shot fired by a sharpshooter aboard the French ship [[Redoutable]].<br />
<br />
[[Category:Historical Battles]]</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/Battle_of_TrafalgarBattle of Trafalgar2011-12-05T05:10:58Z<p>Paulster13: Created page with 'The Battle of Trafalger was a major naval engagement fought on October 21, 1805 between a British fleet of 27 ships-of-the-line under Vice Admiral Horatio Nelson and a combined F…'</p>
<hr />
<div>The Battle of Trafalger was a major naval engagement fought on October 21, 1805 between a British fleet of 27 ships-of-the-line under Vice Admiral Horatio Nelson and a combined French and Spanish fleet of 33 ships-of-the-line under French Admiral Pierre-Charles Villeneuve. The battle took place off Cape Trafalger, off the southwest coast of Spain. The battle was a significant victory for the British, who captured 17 ships of the combined fleet and sunk an 18th. Among the 449 British killed in the action was Admiral Nelson, who suffered a fatal wound from a musket shot fired by a sharpshooter aboard the French ship Redoutable.</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/Michael_HerapathMichael Herapath2011-08-28T06:22:40Z<p>Paulster13: </p>
<hr />
<div>Fictional character appearing in the Patrick O'Brian novels ''[[Desolation Island]]'' and ''[[The Fortune of War]]''. <br />
<br />
{{Spoiler|Desolation Island and The Fortune of War}}<br />
<br />
Herapath makes his initial appearance as a stowaway aboard ''HMS Leopard'', commanded by [[Jack Aubrey]] in ''[[Desolation Island]]''. His presence aboard the ''Leopard'' is discovered some days or weeks after the ship's departure from home waters on a voyage to Austrailia via the Cape of Good Hope. An obviously educated man of American birth, Herapath is nonetheless entered into the ship's books as a lower-deck sailor, where he is assigned to mess with Aubrey's coxswain [[Barret Bonden]] and others.<br />
<br />
After an outbreak of [[gaol fever]] kills a substantial portion of the ship's crew, including surgeon's mate Paul Martin, Herapath becomes the acting surgeon's mate under the direction of [[Stephen Maturin]], the ''Leopard'''s surgeon. It is in this context that Maturin becomes more intimately acquainted with Herapath. Herapath confides in Maturin that he had stowed away so he could continue his relationship with [[Louisa Wogan]], a female convict and an American spy being transported to the penal colony in New South Wales aboard the ''Leopard''.<br />
<br />
[[Stephen Maturin]], exploiting Herapath's blind devotion to ''Wogan'', manipulates the unwitting Herapath into delivering a large volume of intentionally erroneous intelligence to Wogan, who, as Maturin confidently expected, later delivers the poisoned intelligence to her chief. Herapath either never becomes aware of this manipulation by Maturin, or does not care, since he willingly assists in Aubrey's and Maturin's subsequent escape from American captivity in ''The Fortune of War''.<br />
[[Category:Aubrey-Maturin series characters|Herapath, Michael]]</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/Gedymin_JagielloGedymin Jagiello2011-08-28T06:19:29Z<p>Paulster13: </p>
<hr />
<div>Captain Gedymin Jagiello is a fictional Lithuanian cavalry officer in the Swedish service. <br />
<br />
{{Spoiler|The Surgeon's Mate, The Ionian Mission, Treason's Harbor, The Far Side of the World, The Reverse of the Medal, The Letter of Marque}}<br />
<br />
Jagiello makes his first appearance in the [[Aubrey-Maturin series]] in [[The Surgeon's Mate (novel)|The Surgeon's Mate]], when he accompanies Aubrey and Maturin aboard ''[[HMS Ariel]]'' on a mission to dislodge the French from Grimsholm, a fictional island in the Baltic Sea occupied by Catalan troops allied with the French. Jagiello is a gifted linguist, fluent in all the Baltic languages, as well as English and French. He acts as interpreter during the mission, and his local knowledge proves useful during the Baltic operation. For example, Jagiello arranges with local military acquaintences for ''[[Ariel]]'' to be resupplied with gunpowder. Jagiello's connection and friendship with Aubrey and Maturin becomes stronger when he is imprisoned toghether with them in Paris following the wreck of the ''[[Ariel]]''. <br />
<br />
Jagiello is described as young, handsome, and nearly always cheerful. He is universally admired by nearly every young woman with whom he comes into contact, although through his simple naiveté, he does not always notice the female attention that he receives.<br />
<br />
Following [[The Surgeon's Mate (novel)|The Surgeon's Mate]], Jagiello makes a brief appearance near the beginning of [[The Ionian Mission]], before Aubrey and Maturin depart for the Mediterranean aboard ''[[HMS Worchester]]''. Jagiello does not directly appear again in the series until the latter stages of [[The Letter of Marque (novel)|The Letter of Marque]]. However, in the intervening O'Brian novels, Jagiello's character is alluded to several times, as he is rumored to have carried on an affair with Maturin's wife [[Diana Villiers]] during Maturin's long absence. These rumors are transmitted to Maturin on multiple occasions by an unknown and anonymous correspondent with apparently malignant motives. The rumors initally appear to have had some foundation when, upon returning to England in [[The Reverse of the Medal]], Maturin finds that Diana has left England to live with Jagiello in Stockholm, Sweden. <br />
<br />
Jagiello reappears for the last time in the latter stages of [[The Letter of Marque (novel)|The Letter of Marque]] when Maturin visits Sweden in an attempt to reconcile with Diana. It is then that Maturin learns that the relationship between Jagiello and Diana was truly innocent, the rumors of their affair were false, and that Jagiello is in fact engaged to be married to a young Swedish woman.<br />
[[Category:Aubrey-Maturin series characters|Jagiello, Gedymin]]</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/User:Paulster13User:Paulster132011-08-16T17:39:47Z<p>Paulster13: Created page with 'Paul lives and works in California and has a variety of interests, including history, the guitar, the outdoors, and the oceans of the world. He wishes he had more time to add to …'</p>
<hr />
<div>Paul lives and works in California and has a variety of interests, including history, the guitar, the outdoors, and the oceans of the world. He wishes he had more time to add to WikiPOBia, but dabbles when he can.</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/Gedymin_JagielloGedymin Jagiello2011-08-03T22:06:57Z<p>Paulster13: </p>
<hr />
<div>Captain Gedymin Jagiello is a fictional Lithuanian cavalry officer in the Swedish service. <br />
<br />
{{Spoiler|The Surgeon's Mate, The Ionian Mission, Treason's Harbor, The Far Side of the World, The Reverse of the Medal, The Letter of Marque}}<br />
<br />
Jagiello makes his first appearance in the [[Aubrey-Maturin series]] in [[The Surgeon's Mate (novel)|The Surgeon's Mate]], when he accompanies Aubrey and Maturin aboard ''[[HMS Ariel]]'' on a mission to dislodge the French from Grimsholm, a fictional island in the Baltic Sea occupied by Catalan troops allied with the French. Jagiello is a gifted linguist, fluent in all the Baltic languages, as well as English and French. He acts as interpreter during the mission, and his local knowledge proves useful during the Baltic operation. For example, Jagiello arranges with local military acquaintences for ''[[Ariel]]'' to be resupplied with gunpowder. Jagiello's connection and friendship with Aubrey and Maturin becomes stronger when he is imprisoned toghether with them in Paris following the wreck of the ''[[Ariel]]''. <br />
<br />
Jagiello is described as young, handsome, and nearly always cheerful. He is universally admired by nearly every young woman with whom he comes into contact, although through his simple naiveté, he does not always notice the female attention that he receives.<br />
<br />
Following [[The Surgeon's Mate (novel)|The Surgeon's Mate]], Jagiello makes a brief appearance near the beginning of [[The Ionian Mission]], before Aubrey and Maturin depart for the Mediterranean aboard ''[[HMS Worchester]]''. Jagiello does not directly appear again in the series until the latter stages of [[The Letter of Marque (novel)|The Letter of Marque]]. However, in the intervening O'Brian novels, Jagiello's character is alluded to several times, as he is rumored to have carried on an affair with Maturin's wife [[Diana Villiers]] during Maturin's long absence. These rumors are transmitted to Maturin on multiple occasions by an unknown and anonymous correspondent with apparently malignant motives. The rumors initally appear to have had some foundation when, upon returning to England in [[The Reverse of the Medal]], Maturin finds that Diana has left England to live with Jagiello in Stockholm, Sweden. <br />
<br />
Jagiello reappears for the last time in the latter stages of [[The Letter of Marque (novel)|The Letter of Marque]] when Maturin visits Sweden in an attempt to reconcile with Diana. It is then that Maturin learns that the relationship between Jagiello and Diana was truly innocent, the rumors of their affair were false, and that Jagiello is in fact engaged to be married to a young Swedish woman.</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/Andrew_WrayAndrew Wray2011-08-03T22:04:10Z<p>Paulster13: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Andrew Wray''' is an English civil servant in the employ of the [[Admiralty]]; he occupies the influential post of Second Secretary to the Admiralty as substitute for [[John Barrow]], who is represented as being incapacitated by a long illness. Wray first appears in ''[[Desolation Island (novel)|Desolation Island]]'', where [[Jack Aubrey|Jack]] and [[Stephen Maturin|Stephen]] detect him in cheating at cards. <br />
<br />
<br />
{{spoiler|Desolation Island, Treason's Harbour, The Reverse of the Medal, The Thirteen-Gun Salute}}<br />
<br />
<br />
Wray is on the surface a charming and cultivated man with an informed interest in music and the arts. However, he also cheats at cards, is a spendthrift, an alcoholic, and a bisexual (he is married to [[Fanny Harte]] but frequents a brothel in St. James's, [[London]], opposite [[Black's]] Club and has a relationship with [[Ledward]]). He is also a traitor who is devoted to [[Napoleon Bonaparte|Napoleon]] and acts as a spy for [[France]]; as a result of this activity he becomes Stephen's enemy as well as Jack's. His animosity towards the latter is aggravated by the attachment between his ill-used wife, the former [[Fanny Harte]], and Jack's protegé [[William Babbington]].<br />
<br />
Stephen, while suspicious of Wray's personal character, long remains ignorant of the man's treason; in ''[[Treason's Harbour]]'' he co-operates with Wray while striving to break up the French spy network in [[Malta]] and disastrously entrusts him with an important letter to [[Diana Villiers|Diana]]. Wray and his fellow-conspirator [[Ledward]] are finally unmasked in ''[[The Reverse of the Medal]]''; the influence of a highly-placed patron, the [[Duke of Habachtsthal]], enables the two to evade arrest and escape abroad. Wray and Ledward are last seen in ''[[The Thirteen-Gun Salute]]'', where they are attached to the French embassy to [[Pulo Prabang]].<br />
<br />
[[Category:Aubrey-Maturin series characters|Wray, Andrew]]<br />
<br />
Occasionally Wray's first name is given as Edmund.</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/Gedymin_JagielloGedymin Jagiello2011-08-03T21:46:59Z<p>Paulster13: </p>
<hr />
<div>Captain Gedymin Jagiello is a fictional Lithuanian cavalry officer in the Swedish service. <br />
<br />
{{Spoiler|The Surgeon's Mate, The Ionian Mission, Treason's Harbor, The Far Side of the World, The Reverse of the Medal, The Letter of Marque}}<br />
<br />
Jagiello makes his first appearance in the [[Aubrey-Maturin series]] in [[The Surgeon's Mate (novel)|The Surgeon's Mate]], when he accompanies Aubrey and Maturin aboard [[HMS Ariel]] on a mission to dislodge the French from Grimsholm, a fictional island in the Baltic Sea occupied by Catalan troops allied with the French. Jagiello is a gifted linguist, fluent in all the Baltic languages, as well as English and French. He acts as interpreter during the mission, and his local knowledge proves useful during the Baltic operation. For example, Jagiello arranges with local military acquaintences for [[Ariel]] to be resupplied with gunpowder. Jagiello's connection and friendship with Aubrey and Maturin becomes stronger when he is imprisoned toghether with them in Paris following the wreck of the [[Ariel]]. <br />
<br />
Jagiello is described as young, handsome, and nearly always cheerful. He is universally admired by nearly every young woman with whom he comes into contact, although through his simple naiveté, he does not always notice the female attention that he receives.<br />
<br />
Following [[The Surgeon's Mate (novel)|The Surgeon's Mate]], Jagiello makes a brief appearance near the beginning of [[The Ionian Mission]], before Aubrey and Maturin depart for the Mediterranean aboard [[HMS Worchester]]. Jagiello does not directly appear again in the series until the latter stages of [[The Letter of Marque (novel)|The Letter of Marque]]. However, in the intervening O'Brian novels, Jagiello's character is alluded to several times, as he is rumored to have carried on an affair with Maturin's wife [[Diana Villiers]] during Maturin's long absence. These rumors are transmitted to Maturin on multiple occasions by an unknown and anonymous correspondent with apparently malignant motives. The rumors initally appear to have had some foundation when, upon returning to England in [[The Reverse of the Medal]], Maturin finds that Diana has left England to live with Jagiello in Stockholm, Sweden. <br />
<br />
Jagiello reappears for the last time in the latter stages of [[The Letter of Marque (novel)|The Letter of Marque]] when Maturin visits Sweden in an attempt to reconcile with Diana. It is then that Maturin learns that the relationship between Jagiello and Diana was truly innocent, the rumors of their affair were false, and that Jagiello is in fact engaged to be married to a young Swedish woman.</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/Gedymin_JagielloGedymin Jagiello2011-08-03T21:45:21Z<p>Paulster13: </p>
<hr />
<div>Captain Gedymin Jagiello is a fictional Lithuanian cavalry officer in the Swedish service. <br />
<br />
{{Spoiler|The Surgeon's Mate, The Ionian Mission, Treason's Harbor, The Far Side of the World, The Reverse of the Medal, The Letter of Marque}}<br />
<br />
Jagiello makes his first appearance in the [[Aubrey-Maturin]] series in [[The Surgeon's Mate (novel)|The Surgeon's Mate]], when he accompanies Aubrey and Maturin aboard [[HMS Ariel]] on a mission to dislodge the French from Grimsholm, a fictional island in the Baltic Sea occupied by Catalan troops allied with the French. Jagiello is a gifted linguist, fluent in all the Baltic languages, as well as English and French. He acts as interpreter during the mission, and his local knowledge proves useful during the Baltic operation. For example, Jagiello arranges with local military acquaintences for [[Ariel]] to be resupplied with gunpowder. Jagiello's connection and friendship with Aubrey and Maturin becomes stronger when he is imprisoned toghether with them in Paris following the wreck of the [[Ariel]]. <br />
<br />
Jagiello is described as young, handsome, and nearly always cheerful. He is universally admired by nearly every young woman with whom he comes into contact, although through his simple naiveté, he does not always notice the female attention that he receives.<br />
<br />
Following [[The Surgeon's Mate (novel)|The Surgeon's Mate]], Jagiello makes a brief appearance near the beginning of [[The Ionian Mission]], before Aubrey and Maturin depart for the Mediterranean aboard [[HMS Worchester]]. Jagiello does not directly appear again in the series until the latter stages of [[The Letter of Marque (novel)|The Letter of Marque]]. However, in the intervening O'Brian novels, Jagiello's character is alluded to several times, as he is rumored to have carried on an affair with Maturin's wife [[Diana Villiers]] during Maturin's long absence. These rumors are transmitted to Maturin on multiple occasions by an unknown and anonymous correspondent with apparently malignant motives. The rumors initally appear to have had some foundation when, upon returning to England in [[The Reverse of the Medal]], Maturin finds that Diana has left England to live with Jagiello in Stockholm, Sweden. <br />
<br />
Jagiello reappears for the last time in the latter stages of [[The Letter of Marque (novel)|The Letter of Marque]] when Maturin visits Sweden in an attempt to reconcile with Diana. It is then that Maturin learns that the relationship between Jagiello and Diana was truly innocent, the rumors of their affair were false, and that Jagiello is in fact engaged to be married to a young Swedish woman.</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/Gedymin_JagielloGedymin Jagiello2011-08-03T21:44:49Z<p>Paulster13: </p>
<hr />
<div>Captain Gedymin Jagiello is a fictional Lithuanian cavalry officer in the Swedish service. <br />
<br />
{{Spoiler|The Surgeon's Mate, The Ionian Mission, Treason's Harbor, The Far Side of the World, The Reverse of the Medal, The Letter of Marque}}<br />
<br />
Jagiello makes his first appearance in the [[Aubrey-Maturin]] series in [[The Surgeon's Mate (novel)|The Surgeon's Mate]], when he accompanies Aubrey and Maturin aboard [[HMS Ariel]] on a mission to dislodge the French from Grimsholm, a fictional island in the Baltic Sea occupied by Catalan troops allied with the French. Jagiello is a gifted linguist, fluent in all the Baltic languages, as well as English and French. He acts as interpreter during the mission, and his local knowledge proves useful during the Baltic operation. For example, Jagiello arranges with local military acquaintences for [[Ariel]] to be resupplied with gunpowder. Jagiello's connection and friendship with Aubrey and Maturin becomes stronger when he is imprisoned toghether with them in Paris following the wreck of the [[Ariel]]. <br />
<br />
Jagiello is described as young, handsome, and nearly always cheerful. He is universally admired by nearly every young woman with whom he comes into contact, although through his simple naiveté, he does not always notice the female attention that he receives.<br />
<br />
Following [[The Surgeon's Mate (novel)|The Surgeon's Mate]], Jagiello makes a brief appearance near the beginning of [[The Ionian Mission]], before Aubrey and Maturin depart for the Mediterranean aboard [[HMS Worchester]]. Jagiello does not directly appear again in the series until the latter stages of [[The Letter of Marque (novel)|The Letter of Marque]]. However, in the intervening O'Brian novels, Jagiello's character is alluded to several times, as he is rumored to have carried on an affair with Maturin's wife [[Diana Villiers]] during Maturin's long absence. These rumors are transmitted to Maturin on multiple occasions by an unknown and anonymous correspondent with apparently malignant motives. The rumors initally appear to have had some foundation when, upon returning to England in [[The Reverse of the Medal(novel)|The Reverse of the Medal]], Maturin finds that Diana has left England to live with Jagiello in Stockholm, Sweden. <br />
<br />
Jagiello reappears for the last time in the latter stages of [[The Letter of Marque (novel)|The Letter of Marque]] when Maturin visits Sweden in an attempt to reconcile with Diana. It is then that Maturin learns that the relationship between Jagiello and Diana was truly innocent, the rumors of their affair were false, and that Jagiello is in fact engaged to be married to a young Swedish woman.</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/Gedymin_JagielloGedymin Jagiello2011-08-03T21:39:33Z<p>Paulster13: </p>
<hr />
<div>Captain Gedymin Jagiello is a fictional Lithuanian cavalry officer in the Swedish service. <br />
<br />
{{Spoiler|The Surgeon's Mate, The Ionian Mission, Treason's Harbor, The Far Side of the World, The Reverse of the Medal, The Letter of Marque}}<br />
<br />
Jagiello makes his first appearance in the [[Aubrey-Maturin]] series in [[The Surgeon's Mate]], when he accompanies Aubrey and Maturin aboard [[HMS Ariel]] on a mission to dislodge the French from Grimsholm, a fictional island in the Baltic Sea occupied by Catalan troops allied with the French. Jagiello is a gifted linguist, fluent in all the Baltic languages, as well as English and French. He acts as interpreter during the mission, and his local knowledge proves useful during the Baltic operation. For example, Jagiello arranges with local military acquaintences for [[Ariel]] to be resupplied with gunpowder. Jagiello's connection and friendship with Aubrey and Maturin becomes stronger when he is imprisoned toghether with them in Paris following the wreck of the [[Ariel]]. <br />
<br />
Jagiello is described as young, handsome, and nearly always cheerful. He is universally admired by nearly every young woman with whom he comes into contact, although through his simple naiveté, he does not always notice the female attention that he receives.<br />
<br />
Following [[The Surgeon's Mate]], Jagiello makes a brief appearance near the beginning of [[The Ionian Mission]], before Aubrey and Maturin depart for the Mediterranean aboard [[HMS Worchester]]. Jagiello does not directly appear again in the series until the latter stages of [[The Letter of Marque]]. However, in the intervening O'Brian novels, Jagiello's character is alluded to several times, as he is rumored to have carried on an affair with Maturin's wife [[Diana Villiers]] during Maturin's long absence. These rumors are transmitted to Maturin on multiple occasions by an unknown and anonymous correspondent with apparently malignant motives. The rumors initally appear to have had some foundation when, upon returning to England in [[The Reverse of the Medal]], Maturin finds that Diana has left England to live with Jagiello in Stockholm, Sweden. <br />
<br />
Jagiello reappears for the last time in the latter stages of [[The Letter of Marque]] when Maturin visits Sweden in an attempt to reconcile with Diana. It is then that Maturin learns that the relationship between Jagiello and Diana was truly innocent, the rumors of their affair were false, and that Jagiello is in fact engaged to be married to a young Swedish woman.</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/Michael_HerapathMichael Herapath2011-07-16T04:19:14Z<p>Paulster13: </p>
<hr />
<div>Fictional character appearing in the Patrick O'Brian novels ''[[Desolation Island]]'' and ''[[The Fortune of War]]''. <br />
<br />
{{Spoiler|Desolation Island and The Fortune of War}}<br />
<br />
Herapath makes his initial appearance as a stowaway aboard ''HMS Leopard'', commanded by [[Jack Aubrey]] in ''[[Desolation Island]]''. His presence aboard the ''Leopard'' is discovered some days or weeks after the ship's departure from home waters on a voyage to Austrailia via the Cape of Good Hope. An obviously educated man of American birth, Herapath is nonetheless entered into the ship's books as a lower-deck sailor, where he is assigned to mess with Aubrey's coxswain [[Barret Bonden]] and others.<br />
<br />
After an outbreak of [[gaol fever]] kills a substantial portion of the ship's crew, including surgeon's mate Paul Martin, Herapath becomes the acting surgeon's mate under the direction of [[Stephen Maturin]], the ''Leopard'''s surgeon. It is in this context that Maturin becomes more intimately acquainted with Herapath. Herapath confides in Maturin that he had stowed away so he could continue his relationship with [[Louisa Wogan]], a female convict and an American spy being transported to the penal colony in New South Wales aboard the ''Leopard''.<br />
<br />
[[Stephen Maturin]], exploiting Herapath's blind devotion to ''Wogan'', manipulates the unwitting Herapath into delivering a large volume of intentionally erroneous intelligence to Wogan, who, as Maturin confidently expected, later delivers the poisoned intelligence to her chief. Herapath either never becomes aware of this manipulation by Maturin, or does not care, since he willingly assists in Aubrey's and Maturin's subsequent escape from American captivity in ''The Fortune of War''.</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/Michael_HerapathMichael Herapath2011-07-04T05:39:01Z<p>Paulster13: </p>
<hr />
<div>Fictional character appearing in the Patrick O'Brian novels ''[[Desolation Island]]'' and ''[[The Fortune of War]]''. <br />
<br />
{{Spoiler|Desolation Island and The Fortune of War}}<br />
<br />
Herapath makes his initial appearance as a stowaway aboard ''HMS Leopard'', commanded by [[Jack Aubrey]] in ''[[Desolation Island]]''. His presence aboard the ''Leopard'' is discovered some days or weeks after the ship's departure from home waters on a voyage to Austrailia via the Cape of Good Hope. An obviously educated man of American birth, Herapath is nonetheless entered into the ship's books as a lower-deck sailor, where he is assigned to mess with Aubrey's coxswain [[Barret Bonden]] and others.<br />
<br />
After an outbreak of [[gaol fever]] kills a substantial portion of the ship's crew, including surgeon's mate Paul Martin, Herapath becomes the acting surgeon's mate under the direction of [[Stephen Maturin]], the ''Leopard'''s surgeon. It is in this context that Maturin becomes more intimately acquainted with Herapath. Herapath confides in Maturin that he had stowed away so he could continue his relationship with [[Louisa Wogan]], a female convict and an American spy being transported to Austrailia aboard the ''Leopard''.<br />
<br />
[[Stephen Maturin]], exploiting Herapath's blind devotion to ''Wogan'', manipulates the unwitting Herapath into delivering a large volume of intentionally erroneous intelligence to Wogan, who, as Maturin confidently expected, later delivers the poisoned intelligence to her chief. Herapath either never becomes aware of this manipulation by Maturin, or does not care, since he willingly assists in Aubrey's and Maturin's subsequent escape from American captivity in ''The Fortune of War''.</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/Michael_HerapathMichael Herapath2011-07-04T05:34:25Z<p>Paulster13: </p>
<hr />
<div>Fictional character appearing in the Patrick O'Brian novels ''[[Desolation Island]]'' and ''[[The Fortune of War]]''. <br />
<br />
Herapath makes his initial appearance as a stowaway aboard ''HMS Leopard'', commanded by [[Jack Aubrey]] in ''[[Desolation Island]]''. His presence aboard the ''Leopard'' is discovered some days or weeks after the ship's departure from home waters on a voyage to Austrailia via the Cape of Good Hope. An obviously educated man of American birth, Herapath is nonetheless entered into the ship's books as a lower-deck sailor, where he is assigned to mess with Aubrey's coxswain [[Barret Bonden]] and others.<br />
<br />
After an outbreak of [[gaol fever]] kills a substantial portion of the ship's crew, including surgeon's mate Paul Martin, Herapath becomes the acting surgeon's mate under the direction of [[Stephen Maturin]], the ''Leopard'''s surgeon. It is in this context that Maturin becomes more intimately acquainted with Herapath. Herapath confides in Maturin that he had stowed away so he could continue his relationship with [[Louisa Wogan]], a female convict and an American spy being transported to Austrailia aboard the ''Leopard''.<br />
<br />
[[Stephen Maturin]], exploiting Herapath's blind devotion to ''Wogan'', manipulates the unwitting Herapath into delivering a large volume of intentionally erroneous intelligence to Wogan, who, as Maturin confidently expected, later delivers the poisoned intelligence to her chief. Herapath either never becomes aware of this manipulation by Maturin, or does not care, since he willingly assists in Aubrey's and Maturin's subsequent escape from American captivity in ''The Fortune of War''.</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/Michael_HerapathMichael Herapath2011-07-03T18:08:19Z<p>Paulster13: </p>
<hr />
<div>Fictional character appearing in the Patrick O'Brian novels ''[[Desolation Island]]'' and ''[[The Fortune of War]]''. <br />
<br />
Herapath makes his initial appearance as a stowaway aboard ''HMS Leopard'', commanded by [[Jack Aubrey]] in ''[[Desolation Island]]''. His presence aboard the ''Leopard'' is discovered some days or weeks after the ship's departure from home waters on a voyage to Austrailia via the Cape of Good Hope. An obviously educated man of American birth, Herapath is nonetheless entered into the ship's books as a lower-deck sailor, where he is assigned to mess with Aubrey's coxswain [[Barret Bonden]] and others.<br />
<br />
After an outbreak of [[gaol fever]] kills a substantial portion of the ship's crew, including surgeon's mate Paul Martin, Herapath becomes the acting surgeon's mate under the direction of [[Stephen Maturin]], the ''Leopard'''s surgeon. It is in this context that Maturin becomes more intimately acquainted with Herapath. Herapath confides in Maturin that he had stowed away so he could continue his relationship with [[Louisa Wogan]], a female convict and an American spy being transported to Austrailia aboard the ''Leopard''.<br />
<br />
[[Stephen Maturin]], exploiting Herapath's blind devotion to ''Wogan'', manipulates the unwitting Herapath into delivering a large volume of intentionally erroneous intelligence to Wogan, who, as Maturin confidently expected, later proudly delivers it to her chief. Herapath either never becomes aware of this manipulation by Maturin, or does not care, since he willingly assists in Aubrey's and Maturin's escape from American captivity in ''The Fortune of War''.</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/Michael_HerapathMichael Herapath2011-07-02T05:19:33Z<p>Paulster13: </p>
<hr />
<div>Fictional character appearing in the Patrick O'Brian novels ''[[Desolation Island]]'' and ''[[The Fortune of War]]''. <br />
<br />
Herapath makes his initial appearance as a stowaway aboard ''HMS Leopard'', commanded by [[Jack Aubrey]] in ''[[Desolation Island]]''. His presence aboard the ''Leopard'' is discovered some days or weeks after the ship's departure from home waters on a voyage to Austrailia via the Cape of Good Hope. An obviously educated man of American birth, Herapath is nonetheless entered into the ship's books as a lower-deck sailor, where he is assigned to mess with Aubrey's coxswain [[Barrett Bonden]] and others.<br />
<br />
After an outbreak of [[gaol fever]] kills a substantial portion of the ship's crew, including surgeon's mate Paul Martin, Herapath becomes the acting surgeon's mate under the direction of [[Stephen Maturin]], the ''Leopard'''s surgeon. It is in this context that Maturin becomes more intimately acquainted with Herapath. Herapath confides in Maturin that he had stowed away so he could continue his relationship with [[Louisa Wogan]], a female convict and an American spy being transported to Austrailia aboard the ''Leopard''.<br />
<br />
[[Stephen Maturin]], exploiting Herapath's blind devotion to ''Wogan'', manipulates the unwitting Herapath into delivering a large volume of intentionally erroneous intelligence to Wogan, who, as Maturin confidently expected, later proudly delivers it to her chief. Herapath either never becomes aware of this manipulation by Maturin, or does not care, since he willingly assists in Aubrey's and Maturin's escape from American captivity in ''The Fortune of War''.</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/Michael_HerapathMichael Herapath2011-06-29T19:50:27Z<p>Paulster13: </p>
<hr />
<div>Fictional character appearing in the Patrick O'Brian novels ''[[Desolation Island]]'' and ''[[The Fortune of War]]''. <br />
<br />
Herapath makes his initial appearance as a stowaway aboard ''HMS Leopard'', commanded by [[Jack Aubrey]] in ''[[Desolation Island]]''. His presence aboard the ''Leopard'' is discovered some days or weeks after the ship's departure from home waters on a voyage to Austrailia via the Cape of Good Hope. An obviously educated man of American birth, Herapath is nonetheless entered into the ship's books as a lower-deck sailor, where he is assigned to mess with Aubrey's coxswain [[Barrett Bonden]] and others. After an outbreak of [[gaol fever]] kills a substantial portion of the ship's crew, including surgeon's mate Paul Martin, Herapath becomes the acting surgeon's mate under the direction of [[Stephen Maturin]], the ''Leopard'''s surgeon. It is in this context that Maturin becomes more intimately acquainted with Herapath. Herapath confides in Maturin that he had stowed away so he could continue his relationship with [[Louisa Wogan]], a female convict and an American spy being transported to Austrailia aboard the ''Leopard''.<br />
<br />
[[Stephen Maturin]], exploiting Herapath's blind devotion to ''Wogan'', manipulates the unwitting Herapath into delivering a large volume of intentionally erroneous intelligence to Wogan, who, as Maturin confidently expected, later proudly delivers it to her chief. Herapath either never becomes aware of this manipulation by Maturin, or does not care, since he willingly assists in Aubrey's and Maturin's escape from American captivity in ''The Fortune of War''.</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/Michael_HerapathMichael Herapath2011-06-29T00:55:50Z<p>Paulster13: Created page with 'Fictional character appearing in the Patrick O'Brian novels ''Desolation Island'' and ''The Fortune of War''. Herapath makes his initial appearance as a stowaway aboard…'</p>
<hr />
<div>Fictional character appearing in the Patrick O'Brian novels ''[[Desolation Island]]'' and ''[[The Fortune of War]]''. <br />
<br />
Herapath makes his initial appearance as a stowaway aboard ''HMS Leopard'', commanded by [[Jack Aubrey]] in ''[[Desolation Island]]''. His presence aboard the ''Leopard'' is discovered some days or weeks after the ship's departure from home waters on a voyage to Austrailia via the Cape of Good Hope. An obviously educated man of American birth, Herapath is nonetheless entered into the ship's books as a lower-deck sailor, where he is assigned to mess with Aubrey's coxswain [[Barrett Bonden]] and others. After an outbreak of gaol fever kills a substantial portion of the ship's crew, including surgeon's mate Paul Martin, Herapath becomes the acting surgeon's mate under the direction of [[Stephen Maturin]], the ''Leopard'''s surgeon. It is in this context that Maturin becomes more intimately acquainted with Herapath. Herapath confides in Maturin that he had stowed away so he could continue his relationship with [[Louisa Wogan]], a female convict and an American spy being transported to Austrailia aboard the ''Leopard''.<br />
<br />
[[Stephen Maturin]], exploiting Herapath's blind devotion to ''Wogan'', manipulates the unwitting Herapath into delivering a large volume of intentionally erroneous intelligence to Wogan, who, as Maturin confidently expected, later proudly delivers it to her chief. Herapath either never becomes aware of this manipulation by Maturin, or does not care, since he willingly assists in Aubrey's and Maturin's escape from American captivity in ''The Fortune of War''.</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/Lord_ClonfertLord Clonfert2011-06-09T04:44:29Z<p>Paulster13: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Lord Clonfert''' is a character who appears in [[The Mauritius Command]] as an [[England|English]] naval officer. He is described as an Englishman whose family holds an [[Ireland|Irish]] peerage. <br />
<br />
{{Spoiler|Mauritius Command}}<br />
<br />
Clonfert first appears in The Mauritius Command as the [[Master and Commander (rank)|Commander]] of the sloop ''Otter''. He takes part in the successful action on La Reunion and is rewarded by Commodore [[Jack Aubrey|Aubrey]], who promotes Clonfert to the command of the post-ship ''HMS Nereide''.<br />
<br />
[[Patrick O'Brian|O'Brian]] depicts Clonfert as showy dandy who is well-liked by his crew. In spite of his popularity, Clonfert is inwardly self-consciousness, and broods over past disappointments. He has a tendency to exaggerate his past achievements and constantly compete with his contemporaries. <br />
<br />
Aubrey's relationship with Clonfert, who was once senior to Aubrey in the navy, is awkward and sometimes tense. The two had served together as lieutenants in ''HMS Agememnon'', where Clonfert's poor conduct during a cutting-out action against a [[France|French]] privateer had caused Aubrey to silently question Clonfert's courage. Clonfert resented Aubrey's later successes, his favor with the [[Admiralty]], and his promotion to [[Post Captain (rank)|post-rank]] ahead of him.<br />
<br />
Later in The Mauritius Command, Clonfert is severely wounded in the face and neck during the Battle of Grand Port, and is compelled to surrender ''HMS Nereide'' to the [[France|French]] after a long and fierce fight. This humiliation, together with his rival Aubrey's eventual success in the Mauritius campaign, is too much for Clonfert's fragile psyche to absorb, and he dies of his wounds after suicidally removing his neck bandages and bleeding to death.<br />
<br />
[[Category: Aubrey-Maturin series characters|Clonfert, Lord]]</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/HMS_AcastaHMS Acasta2009-03-15T04:21:11Z<p>Paulster13: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''HMS ''Acasta''''' was a 40-gun [[Rate|fifth-rate]] [[frigate]] of the [[Royal Navy]]. She was laid down in September, 1795, launched on March 13, 1797, and sailed June 24, 1797. <ref>Gardiner, Robert, (2000), ''Frigates of the Napoleonic Wars'', Annapolis, MD, Naval Institute Press, page 47</ref> ''Acasta'' mounted thirty 18-pound cannon on her upper deck, eight 9-pound cannon and four 32-pound carronades on her quarterdeck, and two 9-pound cannon and four 32-pound carronades on her forecastle. She measured 154 feet in length at the lower deck, 40'9 1/2" in beam, weighed 1,143 tons, with a compliment of 320 officers and men.<ref>Gardiner, Robert, supra, page 46</ref> ''Acasta'' was among the largest of the "18-pounder" frigates. <ref>Id.</ref> <br />
<br />
==The Historical ''Acasta''==<br />
<br />
Highlights of ''Acasta''’s Royal Navy service include the following:<br />
<br />
Under Capt. Edward Fellowes<br />
:1800 -- Captured [[Spain|Spanish]] ''Juno''<br />
:1802 -- Destroyed [[France|French]] [[privateer]] ''Victoire''<br />
<br />
Under Capt. James A. Wood<br />
:1803 -- Captured French privateer ''Avanture'' , with two [[prize]]s ''Royal Edward'' and ''St. Mary’s Planter''<br />
:1806 -- Participated with in the burning of two French ships and the capture of a third off Santo Domingo<br />
<br />
Under Capt. P. Beaver<br />
:1809 -- Served as command ship for the landing of 4500 troops on Martinique<br />
:1809 -- Served as Commodore Beaver’s [[flagship]] in operation to blockade French naval forces and reduce French forts on Iles des Saintes. Commodore Beaver had rigged ''Acasta'' with gratings between the gangways, which allowed the shipped to be worked while simultaneously fighting the guns. ''Acasta'', because of these modifications, demonstrated the ability during this operation to fight both her broadsides without interruption while tacking and even anchoring.<ref>Gardiner, Robert, supra, page 99</ref> <br />
<br />
Under Capt. Alexander R. Kerr<br />
:1812 -- Captured the [[United States|American]] [[brig]] ''Federal'' and re-took the schooner ''Blonde''; Participated in the capture of the American privateer ''Snapper'', the American schooner ''Farmer’s Fancy'', the letter of marque brigs ''Harold'' and ''Porcupine'';<br />
:1814 -- Captured sloop ''Diana'' and ''Jane'', schooners ''Providence, Stephanie'' and ''Hazard''<br />
:1815 -- Participated in chase of the American frigate ''[[USN Constitution]]''. and in the retaking of ''Levant'', one of ''Constitution''’s prizes<br />
<br />
''Acasta'' returned to England in July 1815, and was broken up in January, 1821. <br />
<br />
<br />
{{spoiler|The Fortune of War, Treason’s Harbour, and The Hundred Days }}<br />
<br />
<br />
==In the Canon==<br />
<br />
''Acasta'' is one of a series of ships in the [[Aubrey-Maturin series]] whose commands are promised to Captain [[Jack Aubrey]] by the [[Admiralty]], but are ultimately given to other, more influential officers. Another such ship, promised to Aubrey but never delivered, is the fictional frigate ''[[HMS Blackwater]]''. <br />
<br />
The Admiralty’s promise of ''Acasta'' is first made to Aubrey in ''[[The Fortune of War]]''. She is described by Aubrey to his friend [[Stephen Maturin|Maturin]] as a "forty-gun frigate, pretty well the heaviest in the service … And the finest sailer of the lot, on a bowline. Two points off the winds, she could give even dear ''[[HMS Surprise (ship)|Surprise]]'' foretopgallant, at least. A true, copper-bottomed plum, Stephen…." <br />
<br />
Aubrey's fictional characterization of ''Acasta'''s speed likely overstates the historical ship's actual performance. The historical ''Acasta'' is described as "not outstandingly fast," but is acknowledged to have been "very weatherly" and more maneuverable than most other frigates her size. <ref>Gardiner, Robert, supra, page 145</ref> Likewise, Aubrey's description of ''Acasta'' as the "heaviest in the service" is not entirely accurate. Although she was among the largest fifth-rates of her time, she was not the heaviest of her contemporaries. For example, two other British 40-gun fifth-rates launched at the same time as ''Acasta'' (''Endymion'' and ''Cambrian'') both outweighed her and mounted heavier weaponry (24-pound cannon). <ref>Gardiner, Robert, supra, page 43-46</ref><br />
<br />
In ''[[The Surgeon's Mate (novel)|The Surgeon’s Mate]]'', Aubrey learns that ''Acasta'' has, in his absence while a prisoner-of-war in [[Boston]], been given to Capt. "Robert Kerr." ''Acasta'' re-appears later in the Aubrey-Maturin series near the end of ''[[The Hundred Days]]'', as part of Admiral [[Lord Barmouth]]’s squadron at [[Gibraltar]].<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
''Michael Phillips Ships of the Old Navy'', http://www.ageofnelson.org/MichaelPhillips/index.html<br />
<br />
Gardiner, Robert, (2000), ''Frigates of the Napoleonic Wars'', Annapolis, MD, Naval Institute Press<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Historical ships|Acasta, HMS]]</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/US_frigate_ChesapeakeUS frigate Chesapeake2009-01-11T00:27:16Z<p>Paulster13: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Chesapeake1.jpg|thumb|right|US frigate Chesapeake]]The '''US frigate ''Chesapeake''''' was a 36-gun [[frigate]] of the [[United States Navy]] during the [[Quasi-War]] with [[France]] and the [[War of 1812]]. Along with ''United States'', ''[[USN Constitution|Constitution]]'', ''President'', ''Constellation'', and ''Congress'', ''Chesapeake'' was one of the six original United States frigates authorized by the Armament Act of 1794, and was launched in December 1799. <br />
<br />
''Chesapeake'' was the smallest of the original six frigates; thirteen percent smaller than her 44-gun sisters (''United States'', ''Constitution'', and ''President'') and seven percent smaller than her 38-gun sisters (''Constellation'' and ''Congress''). Although nominally designed by Joshua Humphreys, who also desgined her five sisters, ''Chesapeake'' was the only ship of the original six frigates that was not constructed under Humphreys' supervision. The ship's construction at Norfolk was instead supervised by Humphreys' former friend and protege, Josiah Fox, who may have made as-built alterations to Humphreys' design. Humphreys is said to have been made aware of the changes, and to have explicitly disowned the ''Chesapeake'' as being one of his designs. <br />
<br />
She acquired a reputation among contemporary sailors as an "unlucky" or "unhappy" ship, mostly because of the 1807 incident in which she was forced to strike colors to the British fourth-rate ''[[HMS Leopard (ship)|HMS Leopard]]'' after ''Leopard'' had fired into her while enforcing a search for British deserters. ''Chesapeake's'' poor reputation may also have been partially a product of her officers' dislike of her sailing qualities, which had been described by one of her commanding officers, Stephen Decatur, as "dull." <br />
<br />
==Ship's Name==<br />
<br />
''Chesapeake'' was the only frigate of the original six that was not named for some feature or symbol of the new American government. Both the historical ''Chesapeake'' and the ''Chesapeake'' depicted by O'Brian pre-date the U.S. Navy's exclusive use of the prefix "USS" (meaning "United States Ship") when referring to commissioned vessels in the U.S. Navy. The use of the prefix "USS" by the U.S. Navy appears as early as the 1790's, and came into more and more frequent use in the 19th century. The "USS" prefix, however, was not an official Naval practice until 1907. Before that time, the U.S. Navy and other officials referred to Naval vessels with a variety of prefixes, including, for example, "U.S. Frigate ''(ship name)''," or "United States Flagship ''(ship name)''."<ref>For more reading on U.S. Naval ship names, including discussion of the "USS" prefix, see the discussion at the U.S. Naval Historical Center, at the following link: [http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq63-1.htm]</ref>.<br />
<br />
O'Brian's works, when referring to American naval vessels, employ both the prefix "USN" (presumably meaning "United States Navy") and the "USS" prefix that is in use today. More often, O'Brian uses no prefix at all when referring to either American or other naval vessels that were foreign to the Royal Navy. <br />
<br />
==The Quasi-War with France==<br />
<br />
''Chesapeake'' sailed in 1800 to join the squadron patrolling off the southern coast of the [[United States]] and in the [[West Indies]] during the [[Quasi-War]] with [[France]]. During this cruise, she took a French [[privateer]] as a prize. One of the few ships retained in the Navy at the close of the war, ''Chesapeake'' was sent to the [[Mediterranean Sea]] in 1802 as [[flagship]] for Commodore Richard V. Morris. Here she led in the blockade of Tripoli and convoyed American merchantmen until 1803, when she returned to America. <br />
<br />
==''Chesapeake - Leopard'' Affair==<br />
<br />
As tension mounted over the practice of impressment of American seamen by the British, ''Chesapeake'' was prepared for patrol and convoy duty, and late in June 1807 put to sea, passing a British squadron operating to intercept French ships then at Annapolis. British officers had first-hand knowledge that the ''Chesapeake's'' crew included at least some deserters from British men-of-war. The British, as a result, were under orders from their commander-in-chief on the North American Station that if ''Chesapeake'' was encountered at sea, she was to be stopped and searched for the known deserting British sailors. <br />
<br />
One of the British squadron anchored in Lynnhaven Bay, ''[[HMS Leopard (ship)|HMS Leopard]]'', followed ''Chesapeake'' as she exited Hampton Roads. On 22 June, ''Leopard'' stopped ''Chesapeake'' off the Virgina capes, and ordered ''Chesapeake's'' crew mustered on deck to allow a search for the British deserters. The senior officer aboard ''Chesapeake,'' Commodore James Barron, refused. ''Leopard'' fired on the ''Chesapeake'', killing three men, wounding 18 (including the captain) and seriously damaging the ship before Barron ordered the colors struck. A lieutenant from the ''Leopard'' boarded ''Chesapeake'' with a company of sailors, ordered ''Chesapeake's'' crew mustered, and carried off four men identified as British deserters. ''Chesapeake'' returned to Norfolk, Virginia for repairs. <br />
<br />
Both Commodore Barron and his flag captain were severely criticized for the incident, and were blamed for ''Chesapeake's'' inability to make any substantive response to the humiliating attack. ''Chesapeake'' had not been cleared for action in time for her guns to be prepared to return hostile fire. The ship's weaponry was obstructed by the presence of extra cargo, passengers, and convalescing ill crewmembers whose hammocks were slung between the guns of the ship's 18-pound main battery. Barron was court-martialed and excluded from naval service for a period of five years following his trial. <br />
<br />
Following repairs, Captain [[Stephen Decatur]] took command of the ''Chesapeake'', and cruised off the New England coast. In effort to rehabilitate the frigate's crew following the ''Leopard'' incident, and to shame them into fastidious observation of their duties, Decatur initially would not allow ''Chesapeake'' to either fire or return salutes. He reasoned that a "ship without honor" was incapable of performing honors.<br />
<br />
The anger and public outcry generated in the United States following the ''Chesapeake-Leopard'' affair is often cited as one of the aggravating factors that led to the War of 1812.<br />
<br />
==War of 1812==<br />
With the outbreak of the [[War of 1812]], ''Chesapeake'' was outfitted at [[Boston]] for a lengthy Atlantic cruise. Between December 1812 and April 1813, she cruised from the [[West Indies]] to [[Africa]], taking five British [[merchantman|merchantmen]] as prizes.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Perry_Flag.gif|thumb|right|Commodore Perry's Flag, bearing the words of Capt. James Lawrence of USN Chesapeake]]At Boston, Captain [[James Lawrence]] took command of ''Chesapeake'' on 20 May 1813. At the time of his appointment to command of ''Chesapeake,'' Lawrence was the most junior captain on the U.S. Navy list. Lawrence put to sea on 1 June 1813 to meet the waiting [[HMS Shannon|''Shannon'']] (38) -- a British frigate of roughly equal strength -- commanded by [[Philip Broke]], whose written challenge to Captain Lawrence had just missed ''Chesapeake's'' sailing. <br />
<br />
A substantial percentage of Lawrence's crew was new to the ship and undrilled. Lawrence himself had little experience with the ship. He nonetheless chose to engage ''Shannon'', a ship with a much more experienced and well-drilled crew than the ''Chesapeake''. The ''Chesapeake'' suffered early in the exchange of broadsides, having its wheel shot away and losing maneuverability. A large percentage of the officers and crew stationed on the spar deck, including Lawrence himself, were either killed or wounded in the initial exchange of broadsides and small arms fire. Lawrence was carried below, mortally wounded. The crew struggled to carry out Lawrence's last order, "'''Don't give up the ship! Fight her until she sinks!'''", but were boarded by the ''Shannon's'' crew and overwhelmed. ''Chesapeake'' was taken to [[Halifax]] for repairs, and was later taken into the [[Royal Navy]]. She was sold at [[Plymouth]] in 1820 and broken up. Some of her timbers were used to build Chesapeake Mill, a water mill in Wickham, Hampshire.<br />
<br />
<br />
{{spoiler|The Fortune of War and The Surgeon's Mate}}<br />
<br />
<br />
==In the Canon==<br />
In ''[[The Fortune of War]]'', while a prisoner-of-war recovering from wounds received in the action between ''[[USN Constitution|Constitution]]'' and ''HMS Java'', Jack Aubrey observes ''Chesapeake's'' arrival in Boston a few weeks prior to the action with the ''Shannon''. During Aubrey's escape from Boston harbor with Maturin and Diana Villiers, it appears that they are pursued by a boat from the ''Chesapeake'', but the pursuing boat turns out to be on a training exercise. The final chapter describes the battle between ''Shannon'' and ''Chesapeake''. In ''[[The Surgeon's Mate (novel)|The Surgeon's Mate]]'', the arrival of ''Shannon'' and her prize, the ''Chesapeake'' in Halifax is described. O'Brian also alludes to the British Navy's burial of Captain [[James Lawrence]] in Halifax with full military honors.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
• Toll, Ian W., (2006) ''Six Frigates: The Epic History of the Founding of the U.S. Navy'', New York, W.W. Norton. <br />
<references/><br />
<br />
[[Category:Historical ships|Chesapeake, USN]]</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/US_frigate_ChesapeakeUS frigate Chesapeake2009-01-11T00:26:28Z<p>Paulster13: Added discussion of the ship's name and prefixes; other edits</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Chesapeake1.jpg|thumb|right|US frigate Chesapeake]]The '''US frigate ''Chesapeake''''' was a 36-gun [[frigate]] of the [[United States Navy]] during the [[Quasi-War]] with [[France]] and the [[War of 1812]]. Along with ''United States'', ''[[USN Constitution|Constitution]]'', ''President'', ''Constellation'', and ''Congress'', ''Chesapeake'' was one of the six original United States frigates authorized by the Armament Act of 1794, and was launched in December 1799. <br />
<br />
''Chesapeake'' was the smallest of the original six frigates; thirteen percent smaller than her 44-gun sisters (''United States'', ''Constitution'', and ''President'') and seven percent smaller than her 38-gun sisters (''Constellation'' and ''Congress''). Although nominally designed by Joshua Humphreys, who also desgined her five sisters, ''Chesapeake'' was the only ship of the original six frigates that was not constructed under Humphreys' supervision. The ship's construction at Norfolk was instead supervised by Humphreys' former friend protege, Josiah Fox, who may have made as-built alterations to Humphreys' design. Humphreys is said to have been made aware of the changes, and to have explicitly disowned the ''Chesapeake'' as being one of his designs. <br />
<br />
She acquired a reputation among contemporary sailors as an "unlucky" or "unhappy" ship, mostly because of the 1807 incident in which she was forced to strike colors to the British fourth-rate ''[[HMS Leopard (ship)|HMS Leopard]]'' after ''Leopard'' had fired into her while enforcing a search for British deserters. ''Chesapeake's'' poor reputation may also have been partially a product of her officers' dislike of her sailing qualities, which had been described by one of her commanding officers, Stephen Decatur, as "dull." <br />
<br />
==Ship's Name==<br />
<br />
''Chesapeake'' was the only frigate of the original six that was not named for some feature or symbol of the new American government. Both the historical ''Chesapeake'' and the ''Chesapeake'' depicted by O'Brian pre-date the U.S. Navy's exclusive use of the prefix "USS" (meaning "United States Ship") when referring to commissioned vessels in the U.S. Navy. The use of the prefix "USS" by the U.S. Navy appears as early as the 1790's, and came into more and more frequent use in the 19th century. The "USS" prefix, however, was not an official Naval practice until 1907. Before that time, the U.S. Navy and other officials referred to Naval vessels with a variety of prefixes, including, for example, "U.S. Frigate ''(ship name)''," or "United States Flagship ''(ship name)''."<ref>For more reading on U.S. Naval ship names, including discussion of the "USS" prefix, see the discussion at the U.S. Naval Historical Center, at the following link: [http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq63-1.htm]</ref>.<br />
<br />
O'Brian's works, when referring to American naval vessels, employ both the prefix "USN" (presumably meaning "United States Navy") and the "USS" prefix that is in use today. More often, O'Brian uses no prefix at all when referring to either American or other naval vessels that were foreign to the Royal Navy. <br />
<br />
==The Quasi-War with France==<br />
<br />
''Chesapeake'' sailed in 1800 to join the squadron patrolling off the southern coast of the [[United States]] and in the [[West Indies]] during the [[Quasi-War]] with [[France]]. During this cruise, she took a French [[privateer]] as a prize. One of the few ships retained in the Navy at the close of the war, ''Chesapeake'' was sent to the [[Mediterranean Sea]] in 1802 as [[flagship]] for Commodore Richard V. Morris. Here she led in the blockade of Tripoli and convoyed American merchantmen until 1803, when she returned to America. <br />
<br />
==''Chesapeake - Leopard'' Affair==<br />
<br />
As tension mounted over the practice of impressment of American seamen by the British, ''Chesapeake'' was prepared for patrol and convoy duty, and late in June 1807 put to sea, passing a British squadron operating to intercept French ships then at Annapolis. British officers had first-hand knowledge that the ''Chesapeake's'' crew included at least some deserters from British men-of-war. The British, as a result, were under orders from their commander-in-chief on the North American Station that if ''Chesapeake'' was encountered at sea, she was to be stopped and searched for the known deserting British sailors. <br />
<br />
One of the British squadron anchored in Lynnhaven Bay, ''[[HMS Leopard (ship)|HMS Leopard]]'', followed ''Chesapeake'' as she exited Hampton Roads. On 22 June, ''Leopard'' stopped ''Chesapeake'' off the Virgina capes, and ordered ''Chesapeake's'' crew mustered on deck to allow a search for the British deserters. The senior officer aboard ''Chesapeake,'' Commodore James Barron, refused. ''Leopard'' fired on the ''Chesapeake'', killing three men, wounding 18 (including the captain) and seriously damaging the ship before Barron ordered the colors struck. A lieutenant from the ''Leopard'' boarded ''Chesapeake'' with a company of sailors, ordered ''Chesapeake's'' crew mustered, and carried off four men identified as British deserters. ''Chesapeake'' returned to Norfolk, Virginia for repairs. <br />
<br />
Both Commodore Barron and his flag captain were severely criticized for the incident, and were blamed for ''Chesapeake's'' inability to make any substantive response to the humiliating attack. ''Chesapeake'' had not been cleared for action in time for her guns to be prepared to return hostile fire. The ship's weaponry was obstructed by the presence of extra cargo, passengers, and convalescing ill crewmembers whose hammocks were slung between the guns of the ship's 18-pound main battery. Barron was court-martialed and excluded from naval service for a period of five years following his trial. <br />
<br />
Following repairs, Captain [[Stephen Decatur]] took command of the ''Chesapeake'', and cruised off the New England coast. In effort to rehabilitate the frigate's crew following the ''Leopard'' incident, and to shame them into fastidious observation of their duties, Decatur initially would not allow ''Chesapeake'' to either fire or return salutes. He reasoned that a "ship without honor" was incapable of performing honors.<br />
<br />
The anger and public outcry generated in the United States following the ''Chesapeake-Leopard'' affair is often cited as one of the aggravating factors that led to the War of 1812.<br />
<br />
==War of 1812==<br />
With the outbreak of the [[War of 1812]], ''Chesapeake'' was outfitted at [[Boston]] for a lengthy Atlantic cruise. Between December 1812 and April 1813, she cruised from the [[West Indies]] to [[Africa]], taking five British [[merchantman|merchantmen]] as prizes.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Perry_Flag.gif|thumb|right|Commodore Perry's Flag, bearing the words of Capt. James Lawrence of USN Chesapeake]]At Boston, Captain [[James Lawrence]] took command of ''Chesapeake'' on 20 May 1813. At the time of his appointment to command of ''Chesapeake,'' Lawrence was the most junior captain on the U.S. Navy list. Lawrence put to sea on 1 June 1813 to meet the waiting [[HMS Shannon|''Shannon'']] (38) -- a British frigate of roughly equal strength -- commanded by [[Philip Broke]], whose written challenge to Captain Lawrence had just missed ''Chesapeake's'' sailing. <br />
<br />
A substantial percentage of Lawrence's crew was new to the ship and undrilled. Lawrence himself had little experience with the ship. He nonetheless chose to engage ''Shannon'', a ship with a much more experienced and well-drilled crew than the ''Chesapeake''. The ''Chesapeake'' suffered early in the exchange of broadsides, having its wheel shot away and losing maneuverability. A large percentage of the officers and crew stationed on the spar deck, including Lawrence himself, were either killed or wounded in the initial exchange of broadsides and small arms fire. Lawrence was carried below, mortally wounded. The crew struggled to carry out Lawrence's last order, "'''Don't give up the ship! Fight her until she sinks!'''", but were boarded by the ''Shannon's'' crew and overwhelmed. ''Chesapeake'' was taken to [[Halifax]] for repairs, and was later taken into the [[Royal Navy]]. She was sold at [[Plymouth]] in 1820 and broken up. Some of her timbers were used to build Chesapeake Mill, a water mill in Wickham, Hampshire.<br />
<br />
<br />
{{spoiler|The Fortune of War and The Surgeon's Mate}}<br />
<br />
<br />
==In the Canon==<br />
In ''[[The Fortune of War]]'', while a prisoner-of-war recovering from wounds received in the action between ''[[USN Constitution|Constitution]]'' and ''HMS Java'', Jack Aubrey observes ''Chesapeake's'' arrival in Boston a few weeks prior to the action with the ''Shannon''. During Aubrey's escape from Boston harbor with Maturin and Diana Villiers, it appears that they are pursued by a boat from the ''Chesapeake'', but the pursuing boat turns out to be on a training exercise. The final chapter describes the battle between ''Shannon'' and ''Chesapeake''. In ''[[The Surgeon's Mate (novel)|The Surgeon's Mate]]'', the arrival of ''Shannon'' and her prize, the ''Chesapeake'' in Halifax is described. O'Brian also alludes to the British Navy's burial of Captain [[James Lawrence]] in Halifax with full military honors.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
• Toll, Ian W., (2006) ''Six Frigates: The Epic History of the Founding of the U.S. Navy'', New York, W.W. Norton. <br />
<references/><br />
<br />
[[Category:Historical ships|Chesapeake, USN]]</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/Talk:US_frigate_ChesapeakeTalk:US frigate Chesapeake2009-01-10T04:30:00Z<p>Paulster13: </p>
<hr />
<div>There is a problem with the naming of this article. The United States does not designate sailing vessels with "USN". Vessels of the United States Navy are designated as <i>USS</i>, which stands for United States Ship. This article should be titled USS Chesapeake. See Wikipedia article [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Chesapeake_(1799) USS Chesapeake (1799)]. [[User:Opus|Opus]] 10:28, 4 January 2009 (GMT)<br />
<br />
: See [[WikiPOBia talk:Style Manual]]. I think the salient point is that POB used the designation "USN" for the Chesapeake (perhaps his research revealed that as the actual designation used at the time?) so that is what is used here. Some discussion of this in the article might be appropriate, since this is likely to be a continuing source of confusion. [[User:Jblumel|Jblumel]] 15:06, 4 January 2009 (GMT)<br />
<br />
== United States Navy prefix "USS" ==<br />
<br />
Hello - I used "USN" when I named the ''Constitution'' article because the style manual said to do so ... but your discussion prompted me to look a little further, and I found the following quote from the Naval Historical Center website, at [http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq63-1.htm]. <br />
<br />
"Into the early years of the 20th century there was no fixed form for Navy ship prefixes. Ships were rather haphazardly identified, in correspondence or documents, by their naval type (U.S. Frigate ____), their rig (United States Barque ____), or their function (United States Flag-Ship ______). They might also identify themselves as "the Frigate _____," or, simply, "Ship ______." The term "United States Ship," abbreviated "USS," is seen as early as the late 1790s; it was in frequent, but far from exclusive, use by the last half of the 19th century."<br />
<br />
The exclusive use of "USS" by the U.S. Navy was apparently not official until an executive order in 1907. <br />
<br />
[[User:Paulster13|Paulster13]] 03:47, 5 January 2009 (GMT)<br />
<br />
:When one googles "USN Chesapeake", the only hits referring to the ship are to this WIKI, so it does not appear to be a common usage. The Navy officially calls this ship the <i>USS Chesapeake</i>.[http://www.nnsy1.navy.mil/History/CHESAPEA.HTM] In an online document of the United States Congressional Record from 1820-21, the <i>Chesapeake</i> is referred to as "the frigate C." or "the United States frigate C." with "frigate" in lower-case as a descriptive term rather than part of the formal nomenclature of the ship.[http://books.google.com/books?id=1EZOAAAAMAAJ] I have not yet found a single authoritative reference from any period that uses the "USN" designation. As an American, I can say that the use of the term "USS" for American naval vessels is so widespread and natural as to have the strength of convention. [[User:Opus|Opus]] 13:05, 6 January 2009 (GMT)<br />
<br />
:: There are a couple of issues here. First, there are essentially two ''Chesapeakes'': the historical ''Chesapeake'' and POB's fictional ''Chesapeake.'' While similar in most regards, POB's ''Chesapeake'' exists only in the pages of '''FOW''' (well, perhaps there is a passing reference in '''SM''', or elsewhere), while the real ''Chesapeake'' has a history independent of POB's work. POB apparently referred to the ship as "''USN Chesapeake''", whereas the real ship was originally known, as pointed out, as simply "the frigate ''Chesapeake''". (Although, despite the lack of references at hand, I have in email, somewhere, a discussion of this issue that indicates that it was indeed common before 1907-09 (there seems to be some disagreement over the exact date) to refer to U.S. Navy ships using "USN", "USF" and other designations, without any particular consistency.) <br />
<br />
::: Can you give the location in the POB narrative that uses the USN designation for this or any other ship? I have searched and searched and have been unable to find one. I have read through the middle of book 8 without encountering a single reference. [[User:Opus|Opus]] 02:42, 8 January 2009 (GMT)<br />
<br />
:::: Going back to the original email I have where this was discussed among the wiki admins (from the middle of '07), it was said that, "POB used USN in FSoW and Surgeon's Mate," but no specific page or ship reference, I see, was given. (I previously, mistakenly said FOW, rather than FSoW.) However, a quick google book search gives several results: [http://books.google.com/books?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Google+Search&as_epq=USN&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_brr=0&as_pt=ALLTYPES&lr=&as_vt=&as_auth=Patrick+O%27Brian&as_pub=&as_sub=&as_drrb=c&as_miny=&as_maxy=&as_isbn=&as_issn= USN Search] -- [[User:Jblumel|Jblumel]] 03:13, 8 January 2009 (GMT)<br />
<br />
::::: OK, I see that. There certainly are not very many places where he did this. There are a great many ship references in his books in which he employed no such usage. Why he would do so in only a couple places does not make sense. Perhaps he found this usage on occassion in some ship logs or diaries that he consulted&mdash;perhaps British sources. It certainly was not a usage employed by the Americans then or at any other time. [[User:Opus|Opus]] 00:53, 9 January 2009 (GMT)<br />
<br />
::::::: If you do the same book search for "USS," it does show up -- in ''The Commodore''. It makes no difference to me how this exchange of views is resolved; I really don't care one way or the other. But if it's a wiki about POB's books (and maybe not as much of a wiki about the usages of the US Navy) shouldn't we all use the form that POB used more often? ... or maybe no prefix at all for US Navy ships, like was suggested above?[[User:Paulster13|Paulster13]] 07:10, 9 January 2009 (GMT)<br />
<br />
:::::::: Yes, USS is also used in some places, and, more frequently I think, at least for "foreign" ships, no designation at all. So, I think no designation at all, with mention of the commmon, and POB designation when these differ, is the best policy. As pointed out, this ''is'' a wiki about POB's books, not the US Navy (If it were a wiki about any navy, it would be a wiki about the British Navy, of the time.), and the goal is to provide information in that context. So, unless someone has a compelling contrary argument, we'll move this article to "Chesapeake" and someone (Paulster?) can add a short discussion of the USS vs. USN issue, and perhaps create and link to an article on the issue of ships designations? (Paulster, again? Since you seem to have done some research on this.) [[User:Jblumel|Jblumel]] 12:46, 9 January 2009 (GMT)<br />
<br />
::::::::: Sure, I'd be happy to do that. Within the next few days, if that's fast enough? Thanks. Paul [[User:Paulster13|Paulster13]] 04:30, 10 January 2009 (GMT)<br />
<br />
:: Secondly, one of the goals of this wiki -- this was part of the discussion before WikiPOBia was set up -- is to present information that is accurate to the time, as a means of furthering readers' understanding of POB's work and the period in which it is set. On that basis, and because there was no official designation used at that time, I would support renaming (moving) this article to "Chesapeake" (or "Chesapeake (ship)", the disambiguation text to differentiate it from other "Chesapeake" references, and to avoid having to move it once again), without designation, and including a discussion of the designation/name issues in the article. Redirects for both designations can also be created. This should resolve the issue of the article showing up in searches, while maintaining historical and literary accuracy.<br />
<br />
:: It might also be appropriate to create a separate article on '''Ships' names''' (or something to that effect) where these issues are discussed in more detail. I would also suggest that we update the style manual to more accurately reflect the purpose and philosophy of WikiPOBia in this regard -- i.e., that the names and designations accurate to the period and POB's fiction are to be preferred over any specific convention expressed there. -- [[User:Jblumel|Jblumel]] 14:42, 6 January 2009 (GMT)</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/Talk:US_frigate_ChesapeakeTalk:US frigate Chesapeake2009-01-09T07:10:24Z<p>Paulster13: </p>
<hr />
<div>There is a problem with the naming of this article. The United States does not designate sailing vessels with "USN". Vessels of the United States Navy are designated as <i>USS</i>, which stands for United States Ship. This article should be titled USS Chesapeake. See Wikipedia article [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Chesapeake_(1799) USS Chesapeake (1799)]. [[User:Opus|Opus]] 10:28, 4 January 2009 (GMT)<br />
<br />
: See [[WikiPOBia talk:Style Manual]]. I think the salient point is that POB used the designation "USN" for the Chesapeake (perhaps his research revealed that as the actual designation used at the time?) so that is what is used here. Some discussion of this in the article might be appropriate, since this is likely to be a continuing source of confusion. [[User:Jblumel|Jblumel]] 15:06, 4 January 2009 (GMT)<br />
<br />
== United States Navy prefix "USS" ==<br />
<br />
Hello - I used "USN" when I named the ''Constitution'' article because the style manual said to do so ... but your discussion prompted me to look a little further, and I found the following quote from the Naval Historical Center website, at [http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq63-1.htm]. <br />
<br />
"Into the early years of the 20th century there was no fixed form for Navy ship prefixes. Ships were rather haphazardly identified, in correspondence or documents, by their naval type (U.S. Frigate ____), their rig (United States Barque ____), or their function (United States Flag-Ship ______). They might also identify themselves as "the Frigate _____," or, simply, "Ship ______." The term "United States Ship," abbreviated "USS," is seen as early as the late 1790s; it was in frequent, but far from exclusive, use by the last half of the 19th century."<br />
<br />
The exclusive use of "USS" by the U.S. Navy was apparently not official until an executive order in 1907. <br />
<br />
[[User:Paulster13|Paulster13]] 03:47, 5 January 2009 (GMT)<br />
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:When one googles "USN Chesapeake", the only hits referring to the ship are to this WIKI, so it does not appear to be a common usage. The Navy officially calls this ship the <i>USS Chesapeake</i>.[http://www.nnsy1.navy.mil/History/CHESAPEA.HTM] In an online document of the United States Congressional Record from 1820-21, the <i>Chesapeake</i> is referred to as "the frigate C." or "the United States frigate C." with "frigate" in lower-case as a descriptive term rather than part of the formal nomenclature of the ship.[http://books.google.com/books?id=1EZOAAAAMAAJ] I have not yet found a single authoritative reference from any period that uses the "USN" designation. As an American, I can say that the use of the term "USS" for American naval vessels is so widespread and natural as to have the strength of convention. [[User:Opus|Opus]] 13:05, 6 January 2009 (GMT)<br />
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:: There are a couple of issues here. First, there are essentially two ''Chesapeakes'': the historical ''Chesapeake'' and POB's fictional ''Chesapeake.'' While similar in most regards, POB's ''Chesapeake'' exists only in the pages of '''FOW''' (well, perhaps there is a passing reference in '''SM''', or elsewhere), while the real ''Chesapeake'' has a history independent of POB's work. POB apparently referred to the ship as "''USN Chesapeake''", whereas the real ship was originally known, as pointed out, as simply "the frigate ''Chesapeake''". (Although, despite the lack of references at hand, I have in email, somewhere, a discussion of this issue that indicates that it was indeed common before 1907-09 (there seems to be some disagreement over the exact date) to refer to U.S. Navy ships using "USN", "USF" and other designations, without any particular consistency.) <br />
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::: Can you give the location in the POB narrative that uses the USN designation for this or any other ship? I have searched and searched and have been unable to find one. I have read through the middle of book 8 without encountering a single reference. [[User:Opus|Opus]] 02:42, 8 January 2009 (GMT)<br />
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:::: Going back to the original email I have where this was discussed among the wiki admins (from the middle of '07), it was said that, "POB used USN in FSoW and Surgeon's Mate," but no specific page or ship reference, I see, was given. (I previously, mistakenly said FOW, rather than FSoW.) However, a quick google book search gives several results: [http://books.google.com/books?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Google+Search&as_epq=USN&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_brr=0&as_pt=ALLTYPES&lr=&as_vt=&as_auth=Patrick+O%27Brian&as_pub=&as_sub=&as_drrb=c&as_miny=&as_maxy=&as_isbn=&as_issn= USN Search] -- [[User:Jblumel|Jblumel]] 03:13, 8 January 2009 (GMT)<br />
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::::: OK, I see that. There certainly are not very many places where he did this. There are a great many ship references in his books in which he employed no such usage. Why he would do so in only a couple places does not make sense. Perhaps he found this usage on occassion in some ship logs or diaries that he consulted&mdash;perhaps British sources. It certainly was not a usage employed by the Americans then or at any other time. [[User:Opus|Opus]] 00:53, 9 January 2009 (GMT)<br />
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::::::: If you do the same book search for "USS," it does show up -- in ''The Commodore''. It makes no difference to me how this exchange of views is resolved; I really don't care one way or the other. But if it's a wiki about POB's books (and maybe not as much of a wiki about the usages of the US Navy) shouldn't we all use the form that POB used more often? ... or maybe no prefix at all for US Navy ships, like was suggested above?[[User:Paulster13|Paulster13]] 07:10, 9 January 2009 (GMT)<br />
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:: Secondly, one of the goals of this wiki -- this was part of the discussion before WikiPOBia was set up -- is to present information that is accurate to the time, as a means of furthering readers' understanding of POB's work and the period in which it is set. On that basis, and because there was no official designation used at that time, I would support renaming (moving) this article to "Chesapeake" (or "Chesapeake (ship)", the disambiguation text to differentiate it from other "Chesapeake" references, and to avoid having to move it once again), without designation, and including a discussion of the designation/name issues in the article. Redirects for both designations can also be created. This should resolve the issue of the article showing up in searches, while maintaining historical and literary accuracy.<br />
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:: It might also be appropriate to create a separate article on '''Ships' names''' (or something to that effect) where these issues are discussed in more detail. I would also suggest that we update the style manual to more accurately reflect the purpose and philosophy of WikiPOBia in this regard -- i.e., that the names and designations accurate to the period and POB's fiction are to be preferred over any specific convention expressed there. -- [[User:Jblumel|Jblumel]] 14:42, 6 January 2009 (GMT)</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/Talk:US_frigate_ChesapeakeTalk:US frigate Chesapeake2009-01-05T03:48:53Z<p>Paulster13: </p>
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<div>There is a problem with the naming of this article. The United States does not designate sailing vessels with "USN". Vessels of the United States Navy are designated as <i>USS</i>, which stands for United States Ship. This article should be titled USS Chesapeake. See Wikipedia article [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Chesapeake_(1799) USS Chesapeake (1799)]. [[User:Opus|Opus]] 10:28, 4 January 2009 (GMT)<br />
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: See [[WikiPOBia talk:Style Manual]]. I think the salient point is that POB used the designation "USN" for the Chesapeake (perhaps his research revealed that as the actual designation used at the time?) so that is what is used here. Some discussion of this in the article might be appropriate, since this is likely to be a continuing source of confusion. [[User:Jblumel|Jblumel]] 15:06, 4 January 2009 (GMT)<br />
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== United States Navy prefix "USS" ==<br />
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Hello - I used "USN" when I named the ''Constitution'' article because the style manual said to do so ... but your discussion prompted me to look a little further, and I found the following quote from the Naval Historical Center website, at [http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq63-1.htm]. <br />
<br />
"Into the early years of the 20th century there was no fixed form for Navy ship prefixes. Ships were rather haphazardly identified, in correspondence or documents, by their naval type (U.S. Frigate ____), their rig (United States Barque ____), or their function (United States Flag-Ship ______). They might also identify themselves as "the Frigate _____," or, simply, "Ship ______." The term "United States Ship," abbreviated "USS," is seen as early as the late 1790s; it was in frequent, but far from exclusive, use by the last half of the 19th century."<br />
<br />
The exclusive use of "USS" by the U.S. Navy was apparently not official until an executive order in 1907. <br />
<br />
[[User:Paulster13|Paulster13]] 03:47, 5 January 2009 (GMT)</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/Talk:US_frigate_ChesapeakeTalk:US frigate Chesapeake2009-01-05T03:47:00Z<p>Paulster13: United States Navy prefix "USS"</p>
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<div>There is a problem with the naming of this article. The United States does not designate sailing vessels with "USN". Vessels of the United States Navy are designated as <i>USS</i>, which stands for United States Ship. This article should be titled USS Chesapeake. See Wikipedia article [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Chesapeake_(1799) USS Chesapeake (1799)]. [[User:Opus|Opus]] 10:28, 4 January 2009 (GMT)<br />
<br />
: See [[WikiPOBia talk:Style Manual]]. I think the salient point is that POB used the designation "USN" for the Chesapeake (perhaps his research revealed that as the actual designation used at the time?) so that is what is used here. Some discussion of this in the article might be appropriate, since this is likely to be a continuing source of confusion. [[User:Jblumel|Jblumel]] 15:06, 4 January 2009 (GMT)<br />
<br />
== United States Navy prefix "USS" ==<br />
<br />
Hello - I used "USN" when I named the ''Constitution'' article because the style manual said to do so ... but your discussion prompted me to look a little further, and I found the following quote from the Naval Historical Center website, at [http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq63-1.htm]. <br />
<br />
"Into the early years of the 20th century there was no fixed form for Navy ship prefixes. Ships were rather haphazardly identified, in correspondence or documents, by their naval type (U.S. Frigate ____), their rig (United States Barque ____), or their function (United States Flag-Ship ______). They might also identify themselves as "the Frigate _____," or, simply, "Ship ______." The term "United States Ship," abbreviated "USS," is seen as early as the late 1790s; it was in frequent, but far from exclusive, use by the last half of the 19th century."<br />
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[[User:Paulster13|Paulster13]] 03:47, 5 January 2009 (GMT)</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/Lord_ClonfertLord Clonfert2008-12-01T23:25:14Z<p>Paulster13: </p>
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<div>'''Lord Clonfert''' is a character who appears in The Mauritius Command as an English naval officer. Clonfert is described as an Englishman whose family held an Irish peerage. <br />
<br />
{{Spoiler|Mauritius Command}}<br />
<br />
Clonfert first appears in The Mauritius Command as the Commander of the sloop ''Otter''. He takes part in the successful action on La Reunion and is rewarded by Commodore Aubrey, who promotes Clonfert to the command of the post-ship ''Nereide''.<br />
<br />
O'Brian depicts Clonfert as showy dandy who is well-liked by his crew, but who struggles with self-consciousness and brooding over past disappointments. Clonfert has a tendency to exaggerate his past achievements.<br />
<br />
Aubrey's relationship with Clonfert, who was once senior to Aubrey in the navy, is awkward and sometimes tense. They had served together as lieutenants in ''HMS Agememnon'', where Clonfert's poor conduct during a cutting-out action against the French had caused Aubrey to silently question Clonfert's courage. Clonfert resented Aubrey's later successes, favor with the Admiralty, and promotion to post-rank ahead of him.<br />
<br />
Clonfert is severely wounded in action later in The Mauritius Command. He eventually dies of his wounds after he suicidally removes his bandages and bleeds to death.<br />
<br />
[[Category: Aubrey-Maturin series characters|Clonfert, Lord]]</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/Preserved_KillickPreserved Killick2008-12-01T04:49:10Z<p>Paulster13: </p>
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<div>'''Preserved Killick''' serves as [[Jack Aubrey]]'s [[Captain's steward|steward]] throughout the [[Aubrey-Maturin series]]. He is described in the Canon as ill-tempered, disagreeable, and "shrewish." Killick regularly scolds and nags both Aubrey and [[Stephen Maturin|Maturin]] about their mistreatment of their clothing, and he is known to eavesdrop on their private conversations. Killick makes little effort to conceal his frequent ill-mannered mutterings from Aubrey and Maturin, who most often overlook Killick's disrespectful tone. Killick is the only member of any of Aubrey's crews, including officers, who is afforded this wide amount of latitude when addressing Captain Aubrey.<br />
<br />
In spite of his shortcomings, Killick is fiercely loyal to Aubrey, and he is a valued member of Aubrey's crew. Aubrey reciprocates this loyalty, as Killick is one of a handful of crewmen who Aubrey repeatedly takes with him from one command to the next. Killick also stays on as a servant at Aubrey's home when he is without a command.<br />
<br />
Killick is portrayed by English actor David Threlfall in the 2003 film, [[Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World]].<br />
<br />
{{Stub}}<br />
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[[Category:Aubrey-Maturin series characters|Killick, Preserved]]</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/Preserved_KillickPreserved Killick2008-12-01T04:40:11Z<p>Paulster13: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Preserved Killick''' serves as [[Jack Aubrey]]'s [[Captain's steward|steward]] throughout the [[Aubrey-Maturin series]]. He is described in the Canon as ill-tempered, disagreeable, and "shrewish." Killick regularly scolds and nags both Aubrey and [[Stephen Maturin|Maturin]] about their mistreatment of their clothing, and he is known to eavesdrop on their private conversations. Killick makes little effort to conceal his frequent ill-mannered mutterings from Aubrey and Maturin, who most often overlook Killick's disrespectful tone. Killick is the only member of any of Aubrey's crews, including officers, who is afforded this wide amount of latitude when addressing Captain Aubrey.<br />
<br />
In spite of his shortcomings, Killick is fiercely loyal to Aubrey, and he is a valued member of Aubrey's crew. Aubrey reciprocates this loyalty, as Killick is one of a handful of crewmen who Aubrey repeatedly takes with him from one command to the next. Killick also stays on as a servant at Aubrey's home when he is without a command.<br />
<br />
{{Stub}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Aubrey-Maturin series characters|Killick, Preserved]]</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/Preserved_KillickPreserved Killick2008-11-30T03:21:23Z<p>Paulster13: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Preserved Killick''' serves as [[Jack Aubrey]]'s [[Captain's steward|steward]] throughout the [[Aubrey-Maturin series]]. He is described in the Canon as ill-tempered, disagreeable, and "shrewish." Killick regularly scolds and nags both Aubrey and [[Stephen Maturin|Maturin]] about their mistreatment of their clothing, and he often eavesdrops on their private conversations. Killick often audibly mutters ill-mannered comments toward Aubrey and Maturin, and they most often overlook Killick's disrespectful tone. Killick is the only member of any of Aubrey's crews, including the officers, who is afforded this wide amount of latitude when addressing the Captain. <br />
<br />
In spite of his shortcomings, Killick is fiercely loyal to Aubrey, and he is a valued member of Aubrey's crew. Aubrey reciprocates this loyalty, as Killick is one of a handful of crewmen who Aubrey repeatedly takes with him from one command to the next. Killick also stays on as a servant at Aubrey's home when he is without a command.<br />
<br />
{{Stub}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Aubrey-Maturin series characters|Killick, Preserved]]</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/Lord_ClonfertLord Clonfert2008-11-19T05:59:16Z<p>Paulster13: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Lord Clonfert''' is a character who appears in The Mauritius Command as an English naval officer. Clonfert is described as an Englishman whose family held an Irish peerage. <br />
<br />
{{Spoiler|Mauritius Command}}<br />
<br />
Clonfert first appears in The Mauritius Command as the Commander of the sloop ''Otter''. He takes part in the successful action on La Reunion and is rewarded by Commodore Aubrey, who promotes Clonfert to the command of the post-ship ''Nereide''.<br />
<br />
O'Brian depicts Clonfert as showy dandy who is well-liked by his crew, but who struggles with self-consciousness and brooding over past disappointments. He has tendency to exaggerate his past achievements.<br />
<br />
Aubrey's relationship with Clonfert, who was once senior to Aubrey in the navy, is awkward and sometimes tense. They had served together as lieutenants in ''HMS Agememnon'', where Clonfert's poor conduct during a cutting-out action against the French had caused Aubrey to silently question Clonfert's courage. Clonfert resented Aubrey's later successes, favor with the Admiralty, and promotion to post-rank ahead of him.<br />
<br />
Clonfert is severely wounded in action later in The Mauritius Command. He eventually dies of his wounds after he suicidally removes his bandages and bleeds to death.<br />
<br />
[[Category: Aubrey-Maturin series characters|Clonfert, Lord]]</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/Lord_ClonfertLord Clonfert2008-11-19T05:57:56Z<p>Paulster13: Add spoiler warning and category</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Lord Clonfert''' is a character who appears in The Mauritius Command as an English naval officer. Clonfert is described as an Englishman whose family held an Irish peerage. <br />
<br />
{{Spoiler|Mauritius Command}}<br />
<br />
Clonfert first appears in The Mauritius Command as the Commander of the sloop ''Otter''. He takes part in the successful action on La Reunion and is rewarded by Commodore Aubrey, who promotes Clonfert to the command of the post-ship ''Nereide''.<br />
<br />
O'Brian depicts Clonfert as showy dandy who is well-liked by his crew, but who struggles with self-consciousness and brooding over past disappointments. He has tendency to exaggerate his past achievements.<br />
<br />
Aubrey's relationship with Clonfert, who was once senior to Aubrey in the navy, is awkward and sometimes tense. They had served together as lieutenants in ''HMS Agememnon'', where Clonfert's poor conduct during a cutting-out action against the French had caused Aubrey to silently question Clonfert's courage. Clonfert resented Aubrey's later successes, favor with the Admiralty, and promotion to post-rank ahead of him.<br />
<br />
Clonfert is severely wounded in action later in The Mauritius Command. He eventually dies of his wounds after he suicidally removes his bandages and bleeds to death.<br />
<br />
{{Stub}}<br />
<br />
[[Category: Aubrey-Maturin series characters|Clonfert, Lord]]</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/Lord_ClonfertLord Clonfert2008-11-18T19:46:18Z<p>Paulster13: Edit</p>
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<div>'''Lord Clonfert''' is a character who appears in The Mauritius Command as an English naval officer. Clonfert is described as an Englishman whose family held an Irish peerage. He first appears in The Mauritius Command as the Commander of the sloop ''Otter''. Clonfert takes part in the successful action on La Reunion and is rewarded by Commodore Aubrey, who promotes Clonfert to the command of the post-ship ''Nereide''.<br />
<br />
O'Brian depicts Clonfert as showy dandy who is well-liked by his crew, but who struggles with self-consciousness and brooding over past disappointments. He has tendency to exaggerate his past achievements.<br />
<br />
Aubrey's relationship with Clonfert, who was once senior to Aubrey in the navy, is awkward and sometimes tense. They had served together as lieutenants in ''HMS Agememnon'', where Clonfert's poor conduct during a cutting-out action against the French had caused Aubrey to silently question Clonfert's courage. Clonfert resented Aubrey's later successes, favor with the Admiralty, and promotion to post-rank ahead of him.<br />
<br />
Clonfert is severely wounded in action later in The Mauritius Command. He eventually dies of his wounds after he suicidally removes his bandages and bleeds to death.</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/Lord_ClonfertLord Clonfert2008-11-17T22:21:13Z<p>Paulster13: Created page</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Lord Clonfert''' is a character who appears in The Mauritius Command as an English naval officer. Clonfert is described as an Englishman whose family held an Irish peerage. He first appears in The Mauritius Command as the Commander of the sloop ''Otter''. Clonfert takes part in the successful action on La Reunion and is rewarded by Commodore Aubrey, who promotes Clonfert to the command of the post-ship ''Nereide''.<br />
<br />
O'Brian depicts Clonfert as showy dandy who is well-liked by his crew, but who struggles with a tendency toward brooding over past disappointments. Aubrey's relationship with Clonfert, who was once senior to Aubrey in the navy, is awkward and at times, tense. They had served together as lieutenants in HMS Agememnon, where Clonfert's poor conduct during a cutting-out action against the French had caused Aubrey to silently question Clonfert's courage. Clonfert resented Aubrey's later successes, favor with the Admiralty, and promotion to post-rank ahead of him.<br />
<br />
Clonfert is severely wounded in action later in The Mauritius Command. He eventually dies of his wounds after he suicidally removes his bandages and bleeds to death.</div>Paulster13http://wiki.hmssurprise.org/phase3/index.php/HMS_JavaHMS Java2008-04-17T23:55:16Z<p>Paulster13: </p>
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<div>The French-built [[frigate]] ''Renommée'', built and launched at Nantes in 1805, was captured by the British near Madagascar on May 20, 1811, taken into the British Navy and renamed ''HMS Java''. Although rated at 38 guns, she carried 47 guns and cannonades, twenty-eight of which were 18-pounders mounted on her main deck. <br />
<br />
''Java'' was under the command of Captain Harry Lambert in 1812. She sailed from Portsmith for [[Bombay]] to deliver the newly appointed Governor, his staff and their baggage. While enroute, she met and engaged the American frigate [[USN Constitution]] of 44 guns off the coast of [[Brazil]] on December 29, 1812. <br />
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The battle lasted for three hours. Although HMS Java was a new frigate and faster than the ''Constitution'', her crew were less skilled at gunnery. After a brisk exchange of fire, the ''Java'' lost all her masts and the ''Constitution'' was able to place her self in a [[rake|raking]] position. By this time Captain Lambert had been mortally wounded and the ''Java's'' lieutenant surrendered the ship. After the surrender she was deemed unfit for repair and subsequently burned, though her wheel was taken aboard the ''Constitution'' to replace the original one which had been destroyed in the battle. The ''Constitution'' was unable to continue with her cruise and returned to [[Boston]].<br />
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==In the Canon==<br />
{{spoiler|The Fortune of War}}<br />
In [[The Fortune of War]], Aubrey and Maturin are aboard the ''Java'' during the battle with ''Constitution'', having been picked up following the loss of ''HMS Fleche''. Although Aubrey had served with Lambert in the [[The Mauritius Command|Mauritius campaign]], he does not appear to know him. Aubrey and his surviving crew help fight ''HMS Java'' during the battle, and Aubrey is wounded and held as a prisoner of war while the ''Constitution'' sails back to [[Boston]].<br />
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[[Category:Historical ships|Java, HMS]]</div>Paulster13