Jack Aubrey

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'''John Aubrey'''<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''Treason's Harbor''.(c)1983. W.W. Norton and Company, New York, NY; p. 173: Aubrey signs his letter home "your most affectionate husband, Jno Aubrey." Jno was the common abbreviation for John at the time. See also, O'Brian, Patrick. ''The Thirteen-Gun Salute''. (c)1989 William Collins Sons & Co., Ltd., Glasgow: p. 88</ref> is usually known as '''Jack Aubrey''' in the Aubrey-Maturin series. One of two primary protagonists of the series, Aubrey begins the series as a [[Royal Navy]] [[lieutenant]] in [[Port Mahon]], [[Minorca]], in [[Master and Commander (novel)|Master and Commander]].  
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'''John Aubrey'''<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''Master and Commander''. ©1969 by Patrick O'Brian. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York, First Edition: p. 17</ref><ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''Treason's Harbor''. ©1983. W.W. Norton and Company, New York, NY; p. 173: Aubrey signs his letter home "your most affectionate husband, Jno Aubrey." Jno was the common abbreviation for John at the time. See also, O'Brian, Patrick. ''The Thirteen-Gun Salute''. ©1989 William Collins Sons & Co., Ltd., Glasgow: p. 88</ref><ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''The Complete Aubrey/Maturin Novels'':The Reverse of the Medal. ©1987. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10110: p. 3698</ref> is usually known as '''Jack Aubrey''' in the Aubrey-Maturin series. One of two primary protagonists of the series, Aubrey begins the series as a [[Royal Navy]] [[lieutenant]] in [[Port Mahon]], [[Minorca]], in [[Master and Commander (novel)|Master and Commander]].  
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In the opening scene, Aubrey is at a concert at Governor's House in Port Mahon. He is described as "Between twenty and thirty whose big form overflowed his seat...with the silver medal of the Nile in his buttonhole...while his bright blue eyes, staring from what would have been a pink-a-white face if it had not been so deeply tanned gazed fixedly at the bow of the first violin." (Norton pg 7) Early in his career, "he was familiarly known as Goldilocks" because of the brightness of his long yellow hair.<ref> O'Brian, Patrick. ''The Nutmeg of Consolation''. (c) 1991 W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. New York, NY: p. 133</ref>  
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In the opening scene, Aubrey is at a concert at Governor's House in Port Mahon. He is described as "Between twenty and thirty whose big form overflowed his seat...with the silver medal of the Nile in his buttonhole...while his bright blue eyes, staring from what would have been a pink-a-white face if it had not been so deeply tanned gazed fixedly at the bow of the first violin." (Norton pg 7) Early in his career, "he was familiarly known as Goldilocks" because of the brightness of his long yellow hair.<ref> O'Brian, Patrick. ''The Nutmeg of Consolation''. ©1991 W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. New York, NY: p. 133</ref>  
== Family background and childhood ==
== Family background and childhood ==
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Jack Aubrey is the oldest son of [[General Aubrey]] of [[Woolcombe]] in the County of Dorset. His family has been lords of the manor for generations.   In ''[[The Surgeon's Mate (novel)|The Surgeon's Mate]]'' he is said to have been 'a seventeen-year-old [[master's mate]]' on board ''HMS Resolution'' at the time of an action near [[Brest]], and this would imply that he was born in 1774 or 1775, since such an action could only have taken place after the declaration of war against [[France]] in 1793;  however, elsewhere he is said to have already gained his commission as lieutenant in 1792, and this suggests that he was born soon after 1770.   His mother died when he was a small child and he was cared for by his cousin [[Queenie, Lady Keith|Queenie Keith]].  His education was intermittent, although a few Latin tags remained with him into maturity.  [[Philip Broke]], afterwards captain of ''[[HMS Shannon]]'', was a childhood friend.
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Jack Aubrey is the oldest son of [[General Aubrey]] of [[Woolcombe]] in the County of Dorset. His family has been lords of the manor for generations. When introduced in [[Master and Commander (novel)|Master and Commander]], he is "between twenty and thirty" as of March 31, 1800.<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''Master and Commander''. ©1969 by Patrick O'Brian. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York, First Edition: pp. 11 and 17</ref> In ''[[The Surgeon's Mate (novel)|The Surgeon's Mate]]'' he is said to have been 'a seventeen-year-old [[master's mate]]' on board ''HMS Resolution'' at the time of an action near [[Brest]], in which "the squadron stormed the Camaret battery"<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''The Surgeon's Mate''. ©1981 by Patrick O'Brian. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. Paperback, p. 325</ref> and this would imply that he was born in 1774 or 1775, since such an action could only have taken place after the declaration of war against [[France]] in 1793;  however, elsewhere he is said to have already gained his commission as lieutenant in 1792, and this suggests that he was born soon after 1770. His mother died when he was a small child and he was cared for by his cousin [[Queenie, Lady Keith|Queenie Keith]].  His education was intermittent, although a few Latin tags remained with him into maturity.  [[Philip Broke]], afterwards captain of ''[[HMS Shannon]]'', was a childhood friend.
== Early career ==
== Early career ==
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Aubrey entered the navy serving "under a nephew of the amiable Admiral Boscawen".<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''The Truelove''. (c)1992 by Patrick O'Brian. First American Edition, 1992. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. New York, NY: p. 191</ref> This may have been aboard HMS ''Sylph'', on which he served as a boy.<ref> O'Brian, Patrick. ''The Nutmeg of Consolation''. (c) 1991 W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. New York, NY: p. 221</ref>
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Aubrey's name was first put into a ship's books when he was nine years old, though he did not actually go to sea until three years later.<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''Master and Commander''. ©1969 by Patrick O'Brian. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York, First Edition: p. 32</ref><ref>O’Brian, Patrick. ''H.M.S. Surprise''. © 1973. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10110: p. 367; ''c.f.'' Aubrey, in [[Post Captain (novel)]], saying "I have been afloat since I was fourteen". (O’Brian, Patrick. ''Post Captain''. ©1972. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York: p.  127)</ref>
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By the time of the [[Peace of Amiens]], "he had spent two thirds of his life at sea
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".<ref>O’Brian, Patrick. ''Post Captain''. ©1972. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York: p. 18</ref> He first served "under a nephew of the amiable Admiral Boscawen".<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''The Truelove''. ©1992 by Patrick O'Brian. First American Edition, 1992. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. New York, NY: p. 191</ref> This may have been aboard HMS ''Sylph'', on which he served as a boy.<ref> O'Brian, Patrick. ''The Nutmeg of Consolation''. ©1991 W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. New York, NY: p. 221</ref>
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He was a midshipman aboard HMS ''Bellerophon'', serving with [[Heneage Dundas]] in the West Indies, where they engaged in a sword duel over a disputed game of backgammon, a duel in which Aubrey received a scar but which ended with the two friends reunited for life.<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''The Commodore''. (c)1994 by Patrick O'Brian. First American Edition, 1995. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. New York, NY: pp. 117, 4-5</ref> He almost drowned in the Bay of Biscay off Cape Ortegal while a midshipman in the 38-gun frigate ''Latona''.<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''Blue at the Mizzen''. (c) 1999 W.W. Norton & Company, New York, NY 10110. p. 88</ref> Still a midshipman but now aboard ''HMS Resolution'', Aubrey was disrated by Captain Douglas and turned before the mast where he spent some months as a foremast-hand. He originally tells [[Stephen Maturin|Maturin]] that the cause of his disrating was that he kept a [[Sally M'puta|girl]]<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''The Reverse of the Medal''. (c)1986 First published as a Norton Paperback 1992. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. New York, NY: p. 36</ref> in the [[cable tier]]. In [[The Reverse of the Medal]], however, Captain Goole, who was himself a midshipman on ''Resolution'' at the time, tells his wife that it was due to another liberty Aubrey took with the rule. "He stole most of the captain's dish of tripe by means of a system of hooks and tackles."<ref>''Ibid''.: p. 13, see also, O'Brian, Patrick. ''The Nutmeg of Consolation''. (c) 1991 W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. New York, NY: pp. 97-98</ref> Aubrey would later serve under Captain Richardson as [[master's mate]] in the ''Sybille''. <ref> O'Brian, Patrick. ''The Hundred Days''. (c) 1998 W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. New York, NY: p. 238</ref>
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He was in HMS ''Theseus'' as a man young enough that "he had been so small that he could easily sit on the middle [[crosstree]] with his legs dangling, lean forward on his arms folded over the after tree and go to sleep, firmly wedged in spite of the wild gyrations of his seat."<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''Master and Commander''. ©1969 by Patrick O'Brian. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York, First Edition: p. 83</ref>
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He was a midshipman aboard HMS ''Bellerophon'', serving with [[Heneage Dundas]] in the West Indies, where they engaged in a sword duel over a disputed game of backgammon, a duel in which Aubrey received a scar but which ended with the two friends reunited for life.<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''The Commodore''. ©1994 by Patrick O'Brian. First American Edition, 1995. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. New York, NY: pp. 117, 4-5</ref> They were also midshipmen together in HMS ''Britannia'',<ref>O’Brian, Patrick. ''Post Captain''. ©1972. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York: p. 191</ref> nicknamed "Old Ironsides" in the Royal Navy,<ref>O’Brian, Patrick. ''H.M.S. Surprise''. © 1973. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10110: p. 147</ref> and aboard [[HMS Surprise (ship)|HMS ''Surprise'']].<ref>O’Brian, Patrick. ''H.M.S. Surprise''. © 1973. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10110: p. 106</ref> He was also aboard HMS ''Alert'' in the West Indies.<ref>O’Brian, Patrick. ''Post Captain''. ©1972. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York: p. 115</ref> He almost drowned in the Bay of Biscay off Cape Ortegal while a midshipman in the 38-gun frigate ''Latona''.<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''Blue at the Mizzen''. ©1999 W.W. Norton & Company, New York, NY 10110. p. 88</ref> As the "most junior midshipman"<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''Master and Commander''. ©1969 by Patrick O'Brian. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York, First Edition: p. 220</ref> aboard ''HMS Resolution'', "a discontented ship on the Cape station",<ref>O’Brian, Patrick. ''Post Captain''. ©1972. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York: p. 304</ref> Aubrey was disrated by [[Charles Douglas|Captain Douglas]] and turned before the mast where he spent some months as a foremast-hand. He originally tells [[Stephen Maturin|Maturin]] that the cause of his disrating was that he kept a [[Sally M'puta|girl]]<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''Master and Commander''. ©1969 by Patrick O'Brian. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York, First Edition: pp. 137-8</ref><ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''The Reverse of the Medal''. ©1986 First published as a Norton Paperback 1992. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. New York, NY: p. 36</ref> in the [[cable tier]].<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''Desolation Island''.(c)1978. Stein and Day, Scarborough House, Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510:pp. 72-3</ref> In [[The Reverse of the Medal]], however, Captain Goole, who was himself a midshipman on ''Resolution'' at the time, tells his wife that it was due to another liberty Aubrey took with the rule. "He stole most of the captain's dish of tripe by means of a system of hooks and tackles."<ref>''Ibid''.: p. 13, see also, O'Brian, Patrick. ''The Nutmeg of Consolation''. ©1991 W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. New York, NY: pp. 97-98</ref> Aubrey would later serve under Captain Richardson as [[master's mate]] in the ''Sybille''. <ref> O'Brian, Patrick. ''The Hundred Days''. ©1998 W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. New York, NY: p. 238</ref>
    
    
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Besides ''Resolution'', Jack served on HMS ''Colossus''<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''The Thirteen-Gun Salute''.(c) 1989 William Collins Sons & Co., Ltd., Glasgow: p. 88</ref> and as [[midshipman]] on HMS ''Namur''.<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''The Far Side of the World''. (c)1984 by William Collins Sons & Co., Ltd. Published as a Norton Paperback 1992: p. 373</ref> At a unknown time he served on board ''[[HMS Surprise (ship)|HMS Surprise]]'' as a midshipmen. He spent some time in HMS ''Minerva'', sailing to England from the Cape of Good Hope under Captain Soules.<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''The Wine-Dark Sea''. (c) 1993 W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10110: p. 17</ref> As [[lieutenant]], he took part in the [[Battle of Cape St. Vincent]] (1797) on board the ''Orion'' and in the [[Battle of the Nile]] (1798) on the ''[[HMS Leander|Leander]]'';  it was this occasion which brought him into contact with [[Horatio Nelson|Nelson]]. He also served as a lieutenant aboard HMS ''Arethusa''.<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''The Commodore''. (c)1994 by Patrick O'Brian. First American Edition, 1995. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. New York, NY.</ref>
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Besides ''Resolution'', Jack served on HMS ''Success'' under [[Sir Henry Neale]]<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''Master and Commander''. ©1969 by Patrick O'Brian. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York, First Edition: p. 220</ref>, HMS ''Colossus''<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''The Thirteen-Gun Salute''. ©1989 William Collins Sons & Co., Ltd., Glasgow: p. 88</ref> aboard HMS ''Marlborough'',<ref>O’Brian, Patrick. ''Post Captain''. ©1972. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York: p. 74</ref> and as [[midshipman]] on HMS ''Namur''.<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''The Far Side of the World''. ©1984 by William Collins Sons & Co., Ltd. Published as a Norton Paperback 1992: p. 373</ref> At a unknown time he served on board ''[[HMS Surprise (ship)|HMS Surprise]]'' as a midshipmen. He spent some time in HMS ''Minerva'', sailing to England from the Cape of Good Hope under Captain Soules.<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''The Wine-Dark Sea''. ©1993 W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10110: p. 17</ref> As [[lieutenant]], he took part in the [[Battle of Cape St. Vincent]] (1797) on board the ''Orion'' and in the [[Battle of the Nile]] (1798), in which he "directed the fire of eight of" the fifty-two guns on the ''[[HMS Leander|Leander]]''.<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''Master and Commander''. ©1969 by Patrick O'Brian. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York, First Edition: p. 378</ref><ref>O’Brian, Patrick. ''Post Captain''. ©1972. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York: p. 356</ref> It was this occasion which brought him into contact with [[Horatio Nelson|Nelson]].  
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He served as fifth lieutenant in HMS ''Hannibal'' under Captain Newman<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''Master and Commander''. ©1969 by Patrick O'Brian. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York, First Edition: p. 138</ref> and as a lieutenant aboard HMS ''Arethusa''.<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''The Commodore''. ©1994 by Patrick O'Brian. First American Edition, 1995. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. New York, NY.</ref> It is unclear whether is was from ''Arethusa'' or as 2nd Lieutenant of HMS ''Foudroyant'' that he lead the prize crew that took ''Généreux'' into Port Mahon<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''Master and Commander''. ©1969 by Patrick O'Brian. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York, First Edition: p. 50</ref> or <ref>O’Brian, Patrick. ''Post Captain''. ©1972. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York: p. 209</ref> after her capture by a squadron under Lord Nelson on 18 February, 1800.<ref> [http://www.ageofnelson.org/MichaelPhillips/liste.php?char=G#1005 Age of Nelson website's history of HMS ''Généreux'']</ref>
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He messed in the [[gun-room]] of HMS ''Agamemnon'' and served aboard HMS ''Thunderer''.<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''Master and Commander''. ©1969 by Patrick O'Brian. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York, First Edition: p. 14</ref>
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Aubrey received his step to Master and Commander after getting "knocked on the head, once at the Nile and then again when the ''Généreux'' took the old ''Leander'': rewards were obliged to be handed out, so I being the only surviving lieutenant, one came my way at last."<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''Master and Commander''. ©1969 by Patrick O'Brian. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York, First Edition: p. 41</ref>
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==The Ships of Jack Aubrey==
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{| border="1" class="sortable wikitable"
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! Years !! Name !! Vessel Type !! Station !!Aubrey's<br>Rank !! Captain
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|-
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|1786 c.||''Sylph''|| || || Boy||<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''The Nutmeg of Consolation''. ©1991 W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. New York, NY: p. 221</ref>
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|-
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|178? c.||''Ramillies''|| || || "little chap"<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''The Mauritius Command''. ©1977. William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd., Glasgow: p. 76</ref>||
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|-
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| "Long ago" as of 1812 || ''Euterpe'' || || || ||<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''The Fortune of War''. (c)1979 William Collins Sons & Co Ltd, Glasgow: p. 261</ref>
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|-
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|1790  c.|| ''Tonnant'' || || || Youngster ||<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''Desolation Island''.(c)1978. Stein and Day, Scarborough House, Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510:p. 17</ref>
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|-
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|1790 c.||''Fortitude''|| || "under the guns of San Felipe"||Midshipman|| Captain Hartley<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''Treason's Harbour''. ©1983 W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. New York, NY 10110: p. 49</ref>
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|-
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|1790 c.||''Namur''|| || "escorting the Archangel trade" ||Midshipman|| <ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''The Far Side of the World''. ©1984 by William Collins Sons & Co., Ltd. Published as a Norton Paperback 1992: p. 373</ref>
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|-
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|1791  c.|| ''Resolution'' || || Brest blockade || 17-year-old master's mate ||<ref>O’Brian, Patrick. ''The Surgeon's Mate''. ©1981. W.W. Norton & Company, New York, NY: p. 306</ref>
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|-
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|1792 c.|| ''Formidable'' || || || Master's Mate ||<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''The Complete Aubrey/Maturin Novels'':The Far Side of the World. ©1984. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10110: p. 3352</ref>
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|-
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|179? c.||''Circe'' || || Off Tenerife || Midshipman ||<ref>O’Brian, Patrick. ''The Mauritius Command''. ©1977. William Collins Sons & Co., Ltd., St. James’s Place, London: p. 33</ref>
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|-
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|1792 c.||''Bellerophon'' || || West Indies || [[Midshipman]]||<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''The Commodore''. ©1994 by Patrick O'Brian. First American Edition, 1995. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. New York, NY: pp. 117, 4-5</ref>  
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|-
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|1793 c.||''Britannia'' || || || Midshipman ||<ref>O’Brian, Patrick. ''Post Captain''. ©1972. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York: p. 191</ref>
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|-
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|1793 c.||''Surprise'' || || || Midshipman ||<ref>O’Brian, Patrick. ''H.M.S. Surprise''. © 1973. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10110: p. 106</ref>
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|-
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|179? || ''Resolution || || Cape Station<ref>O’Brian, Patrick. ''Post Captain''. ©1972. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York: p. 304</ref> || "Most-Junior Midshipman"<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''Master and Commander''. ©1969 by Patrick O'Brian. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York, First Edition: p. 220</ref> or "an oldster"<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''The Mauritius Command''. ©1977. William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd., Glasgow: p. 57</ref>|| Douglas<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''Master and Commander''. ©1969 by Patrick O'Brian. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York, First Edition: pp. 137-8</ref><ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''The Mauritius Command''. ©1977. William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd., Glasgow: p. 76</ref><ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''The Complete Aubrey/Maturin Novels'':The Reverse of the Medal. ©1987. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10110: p. 3726</ref>
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|-
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|179? || ''Latona''||38-Gun Frigate || Bay of Biscay || Midshipman ||<ref>
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O'Brian, Patrick. ''Blue at the Mizzen''. ©1999 W.W. Norton & Company, New York, NY 10110. p. 88</ref>
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|-
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|1794 c.<ref>Admiral Henry Harvey was not promoted to that rank until after [[The Glorious First of June]] in 1794. Admiral John Harvey, his nephew, did not become an admiral until 1813.</ref> || ''Goliath'' || 74-gun, 3rd Rate<ref> [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Goliath_(1781) Wikipedia's page on H.M.S. ''Goliath'']</ref>  || || Youngster ||<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''The Fortune of War''. (c)1979 William Collins Sons & Co Ltd, Glasgow: p. 200</ref>
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|-
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|1795? c.|| ''Fox'' || || || ||<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''Desolation Island''.(c)1978. Stein and Day, Scarborough House, Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510:p> 17</ref>
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|-
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|179? ||''Sybile''|| || || [[Master's mate|Master's Mate]] || Richardson<ref> O'Brian, Patrick. ''The Hundred Days''. ©1998 W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. New York, NY: p. 238</ref>
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|-
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|Unknown || ''Hannibal'' || Ship of the Line || || 5th [[Lieutenant]] || Newman<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''Master and Commander''. ©1969 by Patrick O'Brian. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York, First Edition: p. 138</ref>
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|-
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|Unknown||''Isis''|| || || ||<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''The Thirteen-Gun Salute''. ©1991 by Patrick O'Brian. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. New York, First American Edition: p. 88</ref>
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|-
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|Unknown||''Agamemnon''||Ship of the Line||West Indies||Lieutenant ||<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''The Mauritius Command''. ©1977. William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd., Glasgow: pp. 48, 68</ref>
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|-
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|Unknown || ''Alert'' || || West Indies || ||<ref>O’Brian, Patrick. ''Post Captain''. ©1972. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York: p. 115</ref>
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|-
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|1797 Feb.<br>[[Battle of Cape St. Vincent]] ||''Orion''||First Rate||Atlantic?||Lieutenant||<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''Master and Commander''. ©1969 by Patrick O'Brian. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York, First Edition: p. 378</ref>
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|-
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|1797 Feb.<br>[[Battle of Cape St. Vincent]] ||''Colossus''||First Rate||Atlantic?||Lieutenant||<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''The Thirteen-Gun Salute''. ©1991 by Patrick O'Brian. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. New York, First American Edition: p. 88. Though conflicting with an earlier reference in ''Master and Commander'', we are told "it was on the gun-deck of the ''Colossus'', not three feet away from him [''i.e.'', Aubrey], that John Fitton had been killed during the battle of St [''sic''] Vincent."</ref>
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|-
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|1797 Oct.<br>[[Battle of Camperdown]] || ''Ardent'' || 64-gun || || Midshipman || <ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''Desolation Island''.(c)1978. Stein and Day, Scarborough House, Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510:p. 145</ref>
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|-
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|1798<br>[[Battle of the Nile]] ||''Leander''||52 Guns ||Toulon Blockade||Lieutenant ||<ref>O’Brian, Patrick. ''Post Captain''. ©1972. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York: p. 356</ref><ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''The Mauritius Command''. ©1977. William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd., Glasgow: p. 57</ref>
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|-
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|1799 c.||''Eurotas''|| "drew eighteen foot six abaft"|| Western Mediterranean || 3rd Lieutenant || <ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''Treason's Harbour''. ©1983 W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. New York, NY 10110: pp. 306 & 321</ref>
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|-
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|Unknown || ''Arethusa'' || Ship of the Line || || Lieutenant || Unknown<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''The Commodore''. ©1994 by Patrick O'Brian. First American Edition, 1995. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. New York, NY.</ref>
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|-
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|1798 c.|| ''Theseus'' || || South of Wales?<br>(The Penmarks)||3rd Lieutenant || <ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''Desolation Island''.(c)1978. Stein and Day, Scarborough House, Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510:p. 188</ref>
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|-
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|1800 || ''Foudroyant'' || Ship of the Line || || 2nd Lieutenant || Unknown<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''Master and Commander''. ©1969 by Patrick O'Brian. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York, First Edition: p. 50</ref>
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|-
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|1800 || ''Généreux'' || French Prize || || Prize Commander || Aubrey<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''Master and Commander''. ©1969 by Patrick O'Brian. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York, First Edition: p. 50</ref>
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|-
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|1800-1801|| ''Sophie''||Brig (Sloop of War) || Western Mediterranean || [[Master and Commander (rank)|Master and Commander]] || Aubrey
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|-
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|1809-1811|| ''Boadicea''||38-Gun Ship || Cape Station || Commodore || Aubrey<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''The Mauritius Command''. ©1977. William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd., Glasgow: p. 57</ref>
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|-
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|1811-1812|| ''Leopard''||50-Gun 4th-Rate|| Reinforcement of Botany Bay ||[[Post Captain (rank)|Captain]] || Aubrey<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''Desolation Island''.(c)1978. Stein and Day, Scarborough House, Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510:pp. 13-14</ref>
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|-
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|1813 May 15 -1813|| ''Diane''||32-guns||Mission to Pulo Prabang||[[Post Captain (rank)|Captain]]||Aubrey<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''The Thirteen-Gun Salute''.©1989 by Patrick O'Brian. First American Edition 1991, W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10110: p. 94</ref>
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==In the Canon==
==In the Canon==
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*Posted as [[Commodore (rank)|Commodore]] to command a squadron tasked to pry the French out of the Mauritius island group in [[The Mauritius Command]].
*Posted as [[Commodore (rank)|Commodore]] to command a squadron tasked to pry the French out of the Mauritius island group in [[The Mauritius Command]].
*Cashiered from the navy after conviction for stock exchange fraud in [[The Reverse of the Medal]] and earns a fortune commanding [[Surprise|HMS ''Surprise'']] as a [[Letter of marque (document)|letter of marque]].
*Cashiered from the navy after conviction for stock exchange fraud in [[The Reverse of the Medal]] and earns a fortune commanding [[Surprise|HMS ''Surprise'']] as a [[Letter of marque (document)|letter of marque]].
-
*Becomes a [[Member of Parliament|MP]] on the death of his father and is reinstated in the navy in [[The Thirteen-Gun Salute]].
+
*Becomes a [[Member of Parliament|MP]] on the death of his father and "is restored to the List [of naval officers] with his former rank and seniority" on 15 May, 1813 in [[The Thirteen-Gun Salute]].<ref>O'Brian, Patrick. ''The Thirteen-Gun Salute''.©1989 by Patrick O'Brian. First American Edition 1991, W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10110: p. 94</ref>
*Posted as Commodore tasked to interdict the slave trade off the coast of western [[Africa]] in [[The Commodore (novel)|The Commodore]].  
*Posted as Commodore tasked to interdict the slave trade off the coast of western [[Africa]] in [[The Commodore (novel)|The Commodore]].  
*Promoted to [[Rear Admiral]] at the end of [[Blue at the Mizzen]].
*Promoted to [[Rear Admiral]] at the end of [[Blue at the Mizzen]].

Current revision as of 15:57, 30 December 2013

John Aubrey[1][2][3] is usually known as Jack Aubrey in the Aubrey-Maturin series. One of two primary protagonists of the series, Aubrey begins the series as a Royal Navy lieutenant in Port Mahon, Minorca, in Master and Commander.

In the opening scene, Aubrey is at a concert at Governor's House in Port Mahon. He is described as "Between twenty and thirty whose big form overflowed his seat...with the silver medal of the Nile in his buttonhole...while his bright blue eyes, staring from what would have been a pink-a-white face if it had not been so deeply tanned gazed fixedly at the bow of the first violin." (Norton pg 7) Early in his career, "he was familiarly known as Goldilocks" because of the brightness of his long yellow hair.[4]

Contents

Family background and childhood

Jack Aubrey is the oldest son of General Aubrey of Woolcombe in the County of Dorset. His family has been lords of the manor for generations. When introduced in Master and Commander, he is "between twenty and thirty" as of March 31, 1800.[5] In The Surgeon's Mate he is said to have been 'a seventeen-year-old master's mate' on board HMS Resolution at the time of an action near Brest, in which "the squadron stormed the Camaret battery"[6] and this would imply that he was born in 1774 or 1775, since such an action could only have taken place after the declaration of war against France in 1793; however, elsewhere he is said to have already gained his commission as lieutenant in 1792, and this suggests that he was born soon after 1770. His mother died when he was a small child and he was cared for by his cousin Queenie Keith. His education was intermittent, although a few Latin tags remained with him into maturity. Philip Broke, afterwards captain of HMS Shannon, was a childhood friend.

Early career

Aubrey's name was first put into a ship's books when he was nine years old, though he did not actually go to sea until three years later.[7][8] By the time of the Peace of Amiens, "he had spent two thirds of his life at sea ".[9] He first served "under a nephew of the amiable Admiral Boscawen".[10] This may have been aboard HMS Sylph, on which he served as a boy.[11]

He was in HMS Theseus as a man young enough that "he had been so small that he could easily sit on the middle crosstree with his legs dangling, lean forward on his arms folded over the after tree and go to sleep, firmly wedged in spite of the wild gyrations of his seat."[12]

He was a midshipman aboard HMS Bellerophon, serving with Heneage Dundas in the West Indies, where they engaged in a sword duel over a disputed game of backgammon, a duel in which Aubrey received a scar but which ended with the two friends reunited for life.[13] They were also midshipmen together in HMS Britannia,[14] nicknamed "Old Ironsides" in the Royal Navy,[15] and aboard HMS Surprise.[16] He was also aboard HMS Alert in the West Indies.[17] He almost drowned in the Bay of Biscay off Cape Ortegal while a midshipman in the 38-gun frigate Latona.[18] As the "most junior midshipman"[19] aboard HMS Resolution, "a discontented ship on the Cape station",[20] Aubrey was disrated by Captain Douglas and turned before the mast where he spent some months as a foremast-hand. He originally tells Maturin that the cause of his disrating was that he kept a girl[21][22] in the cable tier.[23] In The Reverse of the Medal, however, Captain Goole, who was himself a midshipman on Resolution at the time, tells his wife that it was due to another liberty Aubrey took with the rule. "He stole most of the captain's dish of tripe by means of a system of hooks and tackles."[24] Aubrey would later serve under Captain Richardson as master's mate in the Sybille. [25]

Besides Resolution, Jack served on HMS Success under Sir Henry Neale[26], HMS Colossus[27] aboard HMS Marlborough,[28] and as midshipman on HMS Namur.[29] At a unknown time he served on board HMS Surprise as a midshipmen. He spent some time in HMS Minerva, sailing to England from the Cape of Good Hope under Captain Soules.[30] As lieutenant, he took part in the Battle of Cape St. Vincent (1797) on board the Orion and in the Battle of the Nile (1798), in which he "directed the fire of eight of" the fifty-two guns on the Leander.[31][32] It was this occasion which brought him into contact with Nelson.

He served as fifth lieutenant in HMS Hannibal under Captain Newman[33] and as a lieutenant aboard HMS Arethusa.[34] It is unclear whether is was from Arethusa or as 2nd Lieutenant of HMS Foudroyant that he lead the prize crew that took Généreux into Port Mahon[35] or [36] after her capture by a squadron under Lord Nelson on 18 February, 1800.[37] He messed in the gun-room of HMS Agamemnon and served aboard HMS Thunderer.[38]

Aubrey received his step to Master and Commander after getting "knocked on the head, once at the Nile and then again when the Généreux took the old Leander: rewards were obliged to be handed out, so I being the only surviving lieutenant, one came my way at last."[39]

The Ships of Jack Aubrey

Years Name Vessel Type Station Aubrey's
Rank 		Captain
1786 c.Sylph Boy[40]
178? c.Ramillies "little chap"[41]
"Long ago" as of 1812 Euterpe [42]
1790 c. Tonnant Youngster [43]
1790 c.Fortitude "under the guns of San Felipe"Midshipman Captain Hartley[44]
1790 c.Namur "escorting the Archangel trade" Midshipman [45]
1791 c. Resolution Brest blockade 17-year-old master's mate [46]
1792 c. Formidable Master's Mate [47]
179? c.Circe Off Tenerife Midshipman [48]
1792 c.Bellerophon West Indies Midshipman[49]
1793 c.Britannia Midshipman [50]
1793 c.Surprise Midshipman [51]
179? Resolution Cape Station[52] "Most-Junior Midshipman"[53] or "an oldster"[54] Douglas[55][56][57]
179? Latona38-Gun Frigate Bay of Biscay Midshipman [58]
1794 c.[59] Goliath 74-gun, 3rd Rate[60] Youngster [61]
1795? c. Fox [62]
179? Sybile Master's Mate Richardson[63]
Unknown Hannibal Ship of the Line 5th Lieutenant Newman[64]
UnknownIsis [65]
UnknownAgamemnonShip of the LineWest IndiesLieutenant [66]
Unknown Alert West Indies [67]
1797 Feb.
Battle of Cape St. Vincent 		OrionFirst RateAtlantic?Lieutenant[68]
1797 Feb.
Battle of Cape St. Vincent 		ColossusFirst RateAtlantic?Lieutenant[69]
1797 Oct.
Battle of Camperdown 		Ardent 64-gun Midshipman [70]
1798
Battle of the Nile 		Leander52 Guns Toulon BlockadeLieutenant [71][72]
1799 c.Eurotas "drew eighteen foot six abaft" Western Mediterranean 3rd Lieutenant [73]
Unknown Arethusa Ship of the Line Lieutenant Unknown[74]
1798 c. Theseus South of Wales?
(The Penmarks)		3rd Lieutenant [75]
1800 Foudroyant Ship of the Line 2nd Lieutenant Unknown[76]
1800 Généreux French Prize Prize Commander Aubrey[77]
1800-1801 SophieBrig (Sloop of War) Western Mediterranean Master and Commander Aubrey
1809-1811 Boadicea38-Gun Ship Cape Station Commodore Aubrey[78]
1811-1812 Leopard50-Gun 4th-Rate Reinforcement of Botany Bay Captain Aubrey[79]
1813 May 15 -1813 Diane32-gunsMission to Pulo PrabangCaptainAubrey[80]

In the Canon

SPOILER WARNING:  Plot or ending details for "the whole series"  follow.

Highlights of his life and career as presented in the Canon:

References

  1. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. Master and Commander. ©1969 by Patrick O'Brian. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York, First Edition: p. 17
  2. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. Treason's Harbor. ©1983. W.W. Norton and Company, New York, NY; p. 173: Aubrey signs his letter home "your most affectionate husband, Jno Aubrey." Jno was the common abbreviation for John at the time. See also, O'Brian, Patrick. The Thirteen-Gun Salute. ©1989 William Collins Sons & Co., Ltd., Glasgow: p. 88
  3. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. The Complete Aubrey/Maturin Novels:The Reverse of the Medal. ©1987. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10110: p. 3698
  4. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. The Nutmeg of Consolation. ©1991 W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. New York, NY: p. 133
  5. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. Master and Commander. ©1969 by Patrick O'Brian. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York, First Edition: pp. 11 and 17
  6. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. The Surgeon's Mate. ©1981 by Patrick O'Brian. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. Paperback, p. 325
  7. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. Master and Commander. ©1969 by Patrick O'Brian. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York, First Edition: p. 32
  8. ↑ O’Brian, Patrick. H.M.S. Surprise. © 1973. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10110: p. 367; c.f. Aubrey, in Post Captain (novel), saying "I have been afloat since I was fourteen". (O’Brian, Patrick. Post Captain. ©1972. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York: p. 127)
  9. ↑ O’Brian, Patrick. Post Captain. ©1972. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York: p. 18
  10. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. The Truelove. ©1992 by Patrick O'Brian. First American Edition, 1992. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. New York, NY: p. 191
  11. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. The Nutmeg of Consolation. ©1991 W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. New York, NY: p. 221
  12. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. Master and Commander. ©1969 by Patrick O'Brian. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York, First Edition: p. 83
  13. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. The Commodore. ©1994 by Patrick O'Brian. First American Edition, 1995. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. New York, NY: pp. 117, 4-5
  14. ↑ O’Brian, Patrick. Post Captain. ©1972. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York: p. 191
  15. ↑ O’Brian, Patrick. H.M.S. Surprise. © 1973. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10110: p. 147
  16. ↑ O’Brian, Patrick. H.M.S. Surprise. © 1973. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10110: p. 106
  17. ↑ O’Brian, Patrick. Post Captain. ©1972. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York: p. 115
  18. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. Blue at the Mizzen. ©1999 W.W. Norton & Company, New York, NY 10110. p. 88
  19. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. Master and Commander. ©1969 by Patrick O'Brian. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York, First Edition: p. 220
  20. ↑ O’Brian, Patrick. Post Captain. ©1972. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York: p. 304
  21. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. Master and Commander. ©1969 by Patrick O'Brian. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York, First Edition: pp. 137-8
  22. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. The Reverse of the Medal. ©1986 First published as a Norton Paperback 1992. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. New York, NY: p. 36
  23. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. Desolation Island.(c)1978. Stein and Day, Scarborough House, Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510:pp. 72-3
  24. ↑ Ibid.: p. 13, see also, O'Brian, Patrick. The Nutmeg of Consolation. ©1991 W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. New York, NY: pp. 97-98
  25. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. The Hundred Days. ©1998 W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. New York, NY: p. 238
  26. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. Master and Commander. ©1969 by Patrick O'Brian. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York, First Edition: p. 220
  27. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. The Thirteen-Gun Salute. ©1989 William Collins Sons & Co., Ltd., Glasgow: p. 88
  28. ↑ O’Brian, Patrick. Post Captain. ©1972. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York: p. 74
  29. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. The Far Side of the World. ©1984 by William Collins Sons & Co., Ltd. Published as a Norton Paperback 1992: p. 373
  30. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. The Wine-Dark Sea. ©1993 W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10110: p. 17
  31. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. Master and Commander. ©1969 by Patrick O'Brian. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York, First Edition: p. 378
  32. ↑ O’Brian, Patrick. Post Captain. ©1972. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York: p. 356
  33. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. Master and Commander. ©1969 by Patrick O'Brian. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York, First Edition: p. 138
  34. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. The Commodore. ©1994 by Patrick O'Brian. First American Edition, 1995. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. New York, NY.
  35. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. Master and Commander. ©1969 by Patrick O'Brian. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York, First Edition: p. 50
  36. ↑ O’Brian, Patrick. Post Captain. ©1972. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York: p. 209
  37. ↑ Age of Nelson website's history of HMS Généreux
  38. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. Master and Commander. ©1969 by Patrick O'Brian. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York, First Edition: p. 14
  39. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. Master and Commander. ©1969 by Patrick O'Brian. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York, First Edition: p. 41
  40. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. The Nutmeg of Consolation. ©1991 W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. New York, NY: p. 221
  41. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. The Mauritius Command. ©1977. William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd., Glasgow: p. 76
  42. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. The Fortune of War. (c)1979 William Collins Sons & Co Ltd, Glasgow: p. 261
  43. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. Desolation Island.(c)1978. Stein and Day, Scarborough House, Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510:p. 17
  44. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. Treason's Harbour. ©1983 W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. New York, NY 10110: p. 49
  45. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. The Far Side of the World. ©1984 by William Collins Sons & Co., Ltd. Published as a Norton Paperback 1992: p. 373
  46. ↑ O’Brian, Patrick. The Surgeon's Mate. ©1981. W.W. Norton & Company, New York, NY: p. 306
  47. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. The Complete Aubrey/Maturin Novels:The Far Side of the World. ©1984. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10110: p. 3352
  48. ↑ O’Brian, Patrick. The Mauritius Command. ©1977. William Collins Sons & Co., Ltd., St. James’s Place, London: p. 33
  49. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. The Commodore. ©1994 by Patrick O'Brian. First American Edition, 1995. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. New York, NY: pp. 117, 4-5
  50. ↑ O’Brian, Patrick. Post Captain. ©1972. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York: p. 191
  51. ↑ O’Brian, Patrick. H.M.S. Surprise. © 1973. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10110: p. 106
  52. ↑ O’Brian, Patrick. Post Captain. ©1972. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York: p. 304
  53. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. Master and Commander. ©1969 by Patrick O'Brian. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York, First Edition: p. 220
  54. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. The Mauritius Command. ©1977. William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd., Glasgow: p. 57
  55. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. Master and Commander. ©1969 by Patrick O'Brian. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York, First Edition: pp. 137-8
  56. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. The Mauritius Command. ©1977. William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd., Glasgow: p. 76
  57. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. The Complete Aubrey/Maturin Novels:The Reverse of the Medal. ©1987. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10110: p. 3726
  58. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. Blue at the Mizzen. ©1999 W.W. Norton & Company, New York, NY 10110. p. 88
  59. ↑ Admiral Henry Harvey was not promoted to that rank until after The Glorious First of June in 1794. Admiral John Harvey, his nephew, did not become an admiral until 1813.
  60. ↑ Wikipedia's page on H.M.S. Goliath
  61. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. The Fortune of War. (c)1979 William Collins Sons & Co Ltd, Glasgow: p. 200
  62. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. Desolation Island.(c)1978. Stein and Day, Scarborough House, Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510:p> 17
  63. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. The Hundred Days. ©1998 W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. New York, NY: p. 238
  64. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. Master and Commander. ©1969 by Patrick O'Brian. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York, First Edition: p. 138
  65. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. The Thirteen-Gun Salute. ©1991 by Patrick O'Brian. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. New York, First American Edition: p. 88
  66. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. The Mauritius Command. ©1977. William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd., Glasgow: pp. 48, 68
  67. ↑ O’Brian, Patrick. Post Captain. ©1972. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York: p. 115
  68. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. Master and Commander. ©1969 by Patrick O'Brian. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York, First Edition: p. 378
  69. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. The Thirteen-Gun Salute. ©1991 by Patrick O'Brian. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. New York, First American Edition: p. 88. Though conflicting with an earlier reference in Master and Commander, we are told "it was on the gun-deck of the Colossus, not three feet away from him [i.e., Aubrey], that John Fitton had been killed during the battle of St [sic] Vincent."
  70. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. Desolation Island.(c)1978. Stein and Day, Scarborough House, Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510:p. 145
  71. ↑ O’Brian, Patrick. Post Captain. ©1972. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York: p. 356
  72. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. The Mauritius Command. ©1977. William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd., Glasgow: p. 57
  73. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. Treason's Harbour. ©1983 W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. New York, NY 10110: pp. 306 & 321
  74. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. The Commodore. ©1994 by Patrick O'Brian. First American Edition, 1995. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. New York, NY.
  75. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. Desolation Island.(c)1978. Stein and Day, Scarborough House, Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510:p. 188
  76. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. Master and Commander. ©1969 by Patrick O'Brian. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York, First Edition: p. 50
  77. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. Master and Commander. ©1969 by Patrick O'Brian. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York, First Edition: p. 50
  78. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. The Mauritius Command. ©1977. William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd., Glasgow: p. 57
  79. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. Desolation Island.(c)1978. Stein and Day, Scarborough House, Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510:pp. 13-14
  80. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. The Thirteen-Gun Salute.©1989 by Patrick O'Brian. First American Edition 1991, W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10110: p. 94
  81. ↑ O'Brian, Patrick. The Thirteen-Gun Salute.©1989 by Patrick O'Brian. First American Edition 1991, W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10110: p. 94
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